AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based FRQ Room
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AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based Free Response Questions
The best way to get better at FRQs is practice. Browse through dozens of practice AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based FRQs to get ready for the big day.
Adjustable Pipe Flow Experiment
In an experiment, water flows through a pipe whose cross-sectional area can be mechanically adjusted
Airflow over an Airfoil Experiment
A wind tunnel experiment investigates the pressure distribution on an airfoil. Sensors along the cho
Ballast Systems in Submarines: Buoyancy Control
A submarine uses ballast tanks to adjust its buoyancy. Consider a submarine with an overall volume o
Bernoulli's Data Analysis
An experiment is conducted where a fluid flows through a horizontal pipe. A graph showing the variat
Bernoulli’s Equation and Venturi Meter
A Venturi meter is installed in a pipe to measure fluid flow. The meter provides different pressure
Bernoulli's Equation Application
A horizontal pipe has a constriction such that the cross-sectional area at Section 2 is one-third of
Bernoulli's Equation in a Constricting Pipe
In a pipe system, water is pumped at a constant flow rate. The pipe gradually constricts so that at
Bernoulli's Equation in a Pumped Pipeline
A pump forces water through a pipeline that undergoes a decrease in cross-sectional area by a factor
Bernoulli's Pressure-Velocity Experiment
An experiment was conducted on fluid flow in a pipe with varying cross-sectional areas. The table be
Bernoulli’s Principle in Spillway Flow
This problem applies Bernoulli’s principle to analyze water flow over a spillway and to discuss ener
Buoyancy Analysis of a Floating Object
An object with a mass of 150 kg and a volume of 0.75 m³ is placed in a fluid. Consider a fluid with
Buoyancy and Floatation Analysis
A wooden block used in an experiment has a mass of 150 kg and a volume of 0.75 m³. It is placed in a
Buoyant Force Measurement Experiment
In an experiment designed to measure buoyant force, the weights of submerged objects were recorded.
Calculating Buoyant Force
An irregular object is completely submerged in water (density $$1000\;kg/m^3$$) and displaces a volu
Comparing Flow Rates in Different Pipes
A fluid flows through a pipe system that splits into two branches. Branch A has a circular cross-sec
Comparing Fluid Pressures in Different Media
Two open-top tanks contain different fluids. Tank 1 is filled with water (density = $$1000 \cdot kg/
Composite Material Density and Pressure Analysis
A materials scientist tests a new composite material by first measuring a 0.001 m³ sample with a mas
Continuity Equation in a Variable Diameter Pipe
A circular pipe carries water with an initial section having a radius of 2 cm and a flow speed of 6
Continuity Equation: Flow in a Pipe
A horizontal pipe carries water and has a section where its cross-sectional area changes. At Point 1
Density and Pressure of a Cement Column
A vertical cement column with a base area of $$0.5 \cdot m^2$$ and a height of $$2 \cdot m$$ is cons
Density Determination and Fluid Identification
This problem focuses on calculating density and using that result to discuss buoyancy. Answer the fo
Density Determination by Immersion Experiment
A student conducts an experiment to determine the density of a metal cylinder by measuring the chang
Density Determination Using a Hydrometer Experiment
In an experiment to determine the density of various liquids, a hydrometer is used. The operating pr
Density Variation with Temperature in Liquids
A researcher measures the density of water at different temperatures and obtains the following data:
Determining Object Volume through Fluid Displacement
A student in a laboratory measures the volume of an irregularly shaped stone by submerging it in wat
Diver's Pressure: Hydrostatic and Atmospheric Contributions
A diver descends to a depth of 30 m in seawater with a density of 1025 kg/m³. The atmospheric pressu
Effect of Temperature on Fluid Density and Hydrostatic Pressure
Design an experiment to measure how the density of a fluid changes with temperature and how these ch
Effect of Viscous Forces on Laminar and Turbulent Flow
In an experiment, a fluid flows through a smooth, straight pipe. At low speeds, the flow is observed
Evaluating Fluid Pressure under Variable Density Conditions
In an experimental setup, the fluid density varies with depth according to $$\rho(y) = \rho_0 + k *
Examining the Role of Viscosity in Fluid Dynamics Experiments
A researcher is investigating how the viscosity of a fluid affects flow measurements in experiments,
Experimental Design: Measuring Fluid Density Using Displacement
A researcher aims to measure the density of an unknown liquid using a water displacement method in a
Flow Rate Analysis in Variable Cross-Section Pipes
A water flow experiment is conducted using a pipe with two sections of different diameters. The meas
Flow Rate and Pipe Constriction
Water flows through a horizontal cylindrical pipe that narrows from a radius of 4.0 cm to a radius o
Fluid Compressibility and Breakdown of Bernoulli's Equation
Bernoulli's equation assumes that fluids are incompressible. In high-speed flows, however, compressi
Fluid Density and Hydrostatic Pressure Calculation
A liquid sample has a mass of $$0.8 \; kg$$ and occupies a volume of $$10^{-3} \; m^3$$. In a separa
Fluid Depth Pressure Graph Analysis
A pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure at different depths in a water tank. The following
Fluid Flow in Industrial Piping Systems
In an industrial setup, water is transported through pipes with varying diameters. Measurements for
Fluid Flow Through an Orifice
A large tank drains water through a small orifice at its bottom. According to Torricelli’s law, the
Fluid Flow Through Porous Media: Investigating Darcy's Law
Design an experiment to study the flow of a fluid through a porous medium (such as packed sand) and
Fluid Flows in Microgravity
A physics laboratory aboard an orbital space station is investigating how fluids behave in micrograv
Fluid Force on a Submerged Surface
A civil engineering team is studying the pressure distribution on a dam wall due to the water it hol
Fluid Jet from a Tank Orifice
Water is flowing out of a small circular hole located near the bottom of a large tank. According to
Graphical Analysis of Fluid Flow Data
A team of students measures the fluid velocity at various positions along a pipe with a varying cros
Hydrostatic Pressure Analysis
A researcher investigates hydrostatic pressure in a fluid system. In an experiment conducted with wa
Hydrostatics: Force on Submerged Surfaces
A rectangular plate measuring $$2\,m \times 1\,m$$ is submerged vertically in water (density = 1000
Impact of Fluid Density on Buoyancy Forces
A block of wood with a volume of 1.0 m³ and a density of 600 kg/m³ floats in freshwater (density 100
Interpretation and Analysis of a Fluid Flow Schematic
A schematic diagram is provided that represents fluid flow in a horizontal pipe system. The diagram
Investigating Pressure-Volume Relationships in Sealed Systems
Design an experiment to investigate the relationship between pressure and volume in a sealed contain
Manometer Pressure Measurements
An experiment uses a U-tube manometer filled with water to measure pressure differences in a fluid s
Measurement of Flow Rate in a Venturi Meter
A venturi meter is installed in a pipeline to measure flow rate by producing a pressure drop at the
Measurement Uncertainty in Fluid Density
In a laboratory experiment, the density of an unknown fluid is measured using a pycnometer. The mass
Oil-Water Separation in Multi-Phase Fluid Systems
An experiment is conducted in a container to investigate oil-water separation based on density diffe
Open Tank Pressure and Total Pressure Calculation
A tank is open to the atmosphere and is filled with water. The total (absolute) pressure at any dept
Oscillatory Flow in a U-Tube
A U-tube with a uniform cross-sectional area contains water (density = 1000 kg/m³) such that the tot
Pipeline Flow Optimization in a Water Treatment Facility
A water treatment facility operates a pipeline that has three sections with varying diameters. The f
Pressure Distribution in a Multi-fluid Container
A container is divided by a removable partition into two sections. One section contains water (densi
Pressure on a Vertical Column
A cylindrical concrete pillar has a base area of $$0.75\,m^2$$, a height of $$3.0\,m$$, and a densit
Pressure Variations in a Natural Lake
This question connects fluid mechanics with environmental applications by calculating hydrostatic pr
Reynolds Number and Flow Regime Analysis
In an experiment, water flows through a pipe with a diameter of $$0.05\,m$$ at a velocity of $$2.0\,
Siphon Action Analysis
A siphon is used to transfer water from a container. The highest point of the siphon tube is 2 m abo
Solid Column Pressure Calculation
A vertical column made of cement is used in a structural experiment. The column has a uniform cross-
Static Fluid Pressure in a Tank
A cylindrical tank is filled with water (density $$\rho = 1000 \; kg/m^3$$). Consider a point locate
Viscosity Impact on Pipe Flow Rates
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fluid viscosity on flow rates in identical
Adiabatic Process Analysis: Measuring Temperature and Work in Rapid Gas Expansion
Adiabatic processes occur with no heat transfer. Design an experiment to analyze a rapid gas expansi
Adiabatic Process Work Calculation
A researcher analyzes an expansion process of a gas that is performed adiabatically (i.e., no heat e
Adiabatic vs. Isothermal Transition Timing Experiment Error
A student designs an experiment to compare adiabatic and isothermal expansions of a gas by rapidly m
Analyzing Deviations from the Ideal Gas Law
A researcher measures the pressure of a gas at various volumes and observes deviations from the Idea
Analyzing Energy Balance in a Calorimetry Experiment
In a calorimetry experiment, a water bath is used to measure the energy transfer. The specific heat
Analyzing Gas Mixtures with Dalton's Law
In a container, two different ideal gases are mixed together. Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures stat
Application of the First Law in Gas Expansion
A researcher studies an isobaric expansion of a gas. During the process, the gas absorbs $$250\,J$$
Comparative Analysis of Heat Engine Cycles
Two heat engines, Engine A and Engine B, operate under different conditions. Their heat inputs and o
Comparative Study of Heat Transfer Modes in Earth's Atmosphere
Understanding heat transfer in the Earth’s atmosphere is crucial for climate modeling. The three pri
Comparing Thermal Conductivity of Materials
A researcher compares the heat conduction properties of copper and aluminum rods of identical dimens
Conduction Heat Transfer: Experimental Design for Material Thermal Conductivity Measurements
Heat conduction through materials depends on their thermal conductivity. Design an experiment to mea
Contained Gas Pressure and the Ideal Gas Law
Investigate the pressure exerted by a gas confined in a cylindrical container. Summarize how the Ide
Designing a Heat Engine for Maximum Efficiency
A researcher is designing an idealized Carnot heat engine operating between a high-temperature reser
Designing a Thermodynamic Experiment
You are tasked with designing an experiment to measure the effect of temperature on the rate of heat
Designing a Thermos: Minimizing Heat Transfer
A thermos is designed to keep liquids hot by minimizing heat transfer. Discuss the design features c
Effect of Molecular Mass on RMS Velocity
Examine how the molecular mass of a gas affects its root mean square velocity, given by the equation
Energy Conservation in Thermodynamic Processes
For any process, the First Law of Thermodynamics states that $$\Delta U=Q+W$$. (a) Calculate the cha
Energy Conversion in a Steam Engine
A steam engine operates with an efficiency of 30% and absorbs 2000 J of heat per cycle. (a) Calcula
Entropy Change in a Thermodynamic Cycle
During a cyclic process, an experiment measures the change in entropy during various stages. Analyze
Entropy Changes in Thermodynamic Processes
A researcher examines a system that undergoes two processes: the system absorbs heat and then reject
Evaluating a Cooling System's Efficiency
A refrigerator extracts 500 J of heat from its interior and requires 150 J of work input per cycle.
Gas Particle Collisions and Pressure Derivation
The kinetic theory of gases explains that the pressure exerted by a gas is due to the collisions of
Heat Conduction Through Materials
Heat conduction in a material is governed by the equation $$\frac{Q}{\Delta t} = \frac{k * A * \Delt
Heat Engine Efficiency and Cycle Analysis
A heat engine operates in a cyclic process. In one cycle, it draws 1000 J of heat from a high-temper
Heat Engine Efficiency and Energy Analysis
A heat engine operates in cycles, drawing heat from a high-temperature reservoir and rejecting part
Heat Engine Efficiency in Different Thermal Reservoir Conditions: Experimental Design
The efficiency of a heat engine depends on the temperatures of its high-temperature and low-temperat
Interpreting a Maxwell-Boltzmann Speed Distribution Graph
Analyze the Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution graph provided and answer the following.
Investigating Adiabatic Expansion in a Piston
A piston containing an ideal gas is allowed to expand adiabatically. In this process, no heat is exc
Kinetic Energy and Temperature Relationship
An experiment on an ideal gas was conducted to measure the average molecular kinetic energy and temp
Modes of Heat Transfer in Composite Materials
Examine the diagram of a composite wall that illustrates conduction, convection, and radiation. Answ
Net Force on a Confined Gas Container Lid
A cylindrical container holds gas at an internal pressure of $$1.018 \times 10^5\,Pa$$, while the ex
Radiative Heat Transfer Analysis
A researcher examines the radiative heat transfer between two parallel surfaces acting as black bodi
Radiative Heat Transfer Experiment Error
In an experiment designed to quantify radiative heat transfer, a student sets up a hot plate surroun
Radiative Heat Transfer Trend Analysis
An experiment measures the rate of radiative heat transfer from a heated object as a function of the
Real Gas Behavior at High Pressures
At high pressures, real gases deviate from ideal gas behavior. (a) Using the van der Waals equation
Reversibility and Work in Thermodynamic Cycles
A reversible thermodynamic cycle is performed, and a P–V diagram of the cycle is recorded. Use the d
Verification of RMS Speed Dependence on Temperature
An experiment measured the RMS speed of gas molecules at different temperatures, with the following
Work Done Along Different Thermodynamic Paths
Consider a gas that changes state from a to b via two different paths. Path 1: An isobaric expansion
Work in Isobaric and Isochoric Processes Analysis
A gas in a cylinder undergoes two separate experiments. In Experiment 1 (isobaric), the gas expands
Analysis of an Electric Dipole Field
An electric dipole consists of two charges, \(+q\) and \(-q\), separated by a distance \(d\). (a) D
Analyzing the Inverse Square Nature of Electric Fields
A point charge Q produces an electric field that is expected to vary with distance r according to an
Charge Quantization in Isolated Systems
An isolated metal sphere is charged with a net charge of $$3.2*10^{-9}$$ C. (a) Calculate the numb
Charged Projectile Motion: Vector Decomposition Error
An experiment is set up to study the trajectory of a charged projectile launched horizontally in the
Charging an RC Circuit
Consider an RC circuit connected to a 12 V battery. The circuit consists of a resistor with resistan
Diagram Analysis: Electric Field Lines and Equipotentials in a Dipole
The following diagram represents an electric dipole configuration. It shows two charges located on t
Effect of a Dielectric on Capacitor Capacitance
A parallel-plate capacitor with capacitance C₀ is filled with vacuum. (a) If a dielectric material
Effect of Temperature on Dielectric Constant in Capacitors
Propose an experimental setup to study how temperature affects the dielectric constant of a capacito
Effects of Dielectrics on Capacitor Performance
A capacitor with an initial capacitance $$C_0$$ has a dielectric material with a dielectric constant
Electric Dipole Moment Experiment with External Field Perturbation
In an experiment designed to measure the dipole moment of aligned molecules, a sample is placed in a
Electrostatic Shielding in a Conducting Sphere
A hollow metallic sphere carries a net charge on its surface, and a point charge is placed inside th
Enhancement of Capacitance with a Dielectric
A capacitor with an initial capacitance of C₀ is filled with a dielectric material having a dielectr
Equipotential Curves for an Electric Dipole
An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges separated by a small distance. (a) S
Experimental Mapping of Electric Field Lines in a Uniform Field
Design an experiment to map the electric field lines and equipotential regions between two large par
Force and Potential Energy in the Hydrogen Atom
For a hydrogen atom, consider the proton and electron separated by a distance of 0.5×10^-10 m. Using
Force Comparison in Hydrogen Atom
A researcher compares the electric and gravitational forces between the proton and electron in a hyd
Influence of Plate Area on Capacitor Capacitance
Design an experiment to determine how changing the area of the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor
Investigating the Role of Dielectric Materials in Capacitors
Design an experiment to measure how the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor changes with the i
Kinetic Energy Gain from Electric Potential Energy Loss
A negative charge of magnitude q = -1×10⁻⁸ C is released from rest at a distance of 10 cm from a fix
Millikan Oil Drop Experiment Analysis
The Millikan oil drop experiment played a pivotal role in determining the fundamental charge of the
Multiple Charge System: Net Force on a Central Charge
Consider three point charges aligned on a straight line. Let $$Q_1 = +5\;\mu C$$, $$Q_2 = -3\;\mu C$
Net Force on a Central Charge in a Square Configuration
Four equal positive point charges are placed at the vertices of a square with side length 10 cm, and
Potential Difference in a Non-Uniform Electric Field
Consider a region where the electric field varies with position according to $$E(x) = 5.0*10^{4} - 2
Potential Energy Change in a Non-Uniform Field
A test charge moves in the electric field of a fixed point charge. Using the concept of electric pot
RC Discharge of a Capacitor
A capacitor charged to an initial potential of 100 V is connected in series with a resistor, forming
Series and Parallel Capacitor Network Analysis
A capacitor network is constructed by connecting capacitors in both series and parallel arrangements
Vector Addition of Electric Forces in a Linear Three-Charge System
Three point charges are aligned on a straight horizontal line. Their positions and charges are as fo
Verification of the Inverse Square Law for Electric Forces
An experiment measured the electric force between two charged objects as the distance between them w
Work Done in a Uniform Electric Field
Consider a uniform electric field of magnitude E = 500 N/C. A positive charge q = 0.02 C is moved pa
Work Required to Assemble a Triangular System of Point Charges
Three point charges are fixed in place forming a triangle. The charges and separations are: Q₁ = +2.
Analysis of Ammeter and Voltmeter Placement
This question addresses the proper usage of ammeters and voltmeters in a circuit for accurate measur
Analyzing Power Dissipation with a Variable Resistor
A resistor with a variable resistance ranging from 5 Ω to 20 Ω is connected to a constant 12 V sourc
Analyzing Power Efficiency in a Circuit with Multiple Loads
A circuit with multiple load components draws power from a battery. The following table presents mea
Assessing the Impact of Ammeter Internal Resistance
A student measures the current in a DC circuit by inserting an ammeter in series with a resistor and
Assessing the Validity of the Simple Circuit Model Under High Load Conditions
A report claims that even under high current loads, a simple circuit model (using an ideal battery a
Basic Analysis of Electric Current
Consider a simple circuit that contains a battery with a voltage of $$12\,V$$ and a resistor of $$10
Basic Circuit Analysis: Applying Ohm's Law
A battery providing $$9~V$$ is connected to a single resistor with a resistance of $$10~\Omega$$. An
Battery Internal Resistance Analysis
A battery with an electromotive force $$\varepsilon = 12\,V$$ and internal resistance $$r = 1\,\Omeg
Circuit Analysis Using Kirchhoff's Laws
Consider a circuit with a battery of $$12\,V$$ connected to a series resistor $$R_1 = 4\,\Omega$$, w
Circuit Analysis: Series and Parallel Resistors
In an experiment, a circuit is assembled using a battery with voltage $$V$$ and a network of resisto
Circuit Behavior with Variable Resistor Values
An experiment is performed where a resistor of varying value is connected to a battery, and the curr
Circuit Diagram Analysis
Examine the following circuit diagram and answer the questions below. The diagram is meant to repres
Data Analysis of Electric Circuit Measurements
In a laboratory experiment, students measured the voltage drop across a resistor at various currents
Deriving Equivalent Resistance for a Mixed Circuit
Consider a circuit comprised of four resistors arranged as follows: Resistors R₁ = 100 Ω and R₂ = 15
Design of a Capacitor Bank for Energy Storage
A capacitor bank is required to store at least $$50~J$$ of energy at a working voltage of $$12~V$$.
Designing a Voltage Divider Circuit
Design a voltage divider that converts a 24 V supply to a 5 V output using two resistors in series.
Determining the Impact of Incorrect Ammeter Placement on Circuit Readings
A circuit is designed with a 12 V battery and a resistor of 10 Ω. An ammeter with an internal resist
Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance in a Parallel-Plate Capacitor
A parallel-plate capacitor with plate area A and separation d is initially filled with air (dielectr
Effects of a Variable Resistor on Circuit Behavior
A variable resistor is used in a series circuit powered by a 15V battery.
Electromotive Force and Terminal Voltage under Load
This problem explores the relationship between a battery's true electromotive force (EMF), its inter
Equivalent Resistance in Complex Resistor Networks
A circuit consists of five resistors arranged as follows: Resistors $$R_1$$ and $$R_2$$ (each $$10\,
Evaluation of Charging Rates in Varied Capacitor Designs
Two different capacitor designs are tested in an RC circuit. Capacitor A has a plate area of $$0.01\
Experimental Circuit Measurements Analysis
A researcher records experimental data from a circuit using a voltmeter and an ammeter. The data is
Experimental Verification of Ohm's Law in Domestic Appliances
A news report claims that voltage and current measurements taken from a household appliance support
Graph Analysis: Charging Behavior in an RC Circuit
A graph is provided showing the voltage across a capacitor as a function of time while it charges in
Investigating the Effect of Capacitor Dielectric Constant on Capacitance
In a laboratory experiment, capacitors are built using different dielectric materials. The capacitan
Investigation of Non-Ohmic Behavior
A filament lamp exhibits non-ohmic behavior. The following graph shows its voltage versus current re
Kirchhoff's Laws in a Multi-Loop Circuit
A circuit consists of two loops sharing a common resistor. In Loop 1, a 12 V battery is connected in
Kirchhoff's Laws in Multi-Loop Circuits
In a multi-loop circuit, measurements of current at various junctions are taken. Use Kirchhoff’s law
Measuring Power Dissipation in Resistive Elements
Power dissipation in a resistor is an important factor for both performance and safety. Given the fo
Microcontroller-Based Circuit Measurement Setup
Design a circuit that integrates a microcontroller to continuously measure the current and voltage i
Multi-Loop Circuit Analysis Using Kirchhoff’s Laws
A circuit consists of two loops sharing a common resistor. Loop 1 contains a battery of $$10 \text{
Ohm's Law and Circuit Analysis
A circuit consists of an ideal battery with an EMF of 12 V and a resistor of 6 Ω. First, assume the
Parallel Resistors and Junction Rule Application
A 12 V battery is connected to a network of three parallel resistors with values $$R_1 = 30\,Ω$$, $$
Power Dissipation in Circuit Components
A simple circuit consists of a resistor connected to a battery. Consider a scenario where a 9 V batt
Transient Analysis with a Pulse Input in an RC Circuit
An RC circuit is subjected to a pulse input voltage that is maintained at $$10 \text{ V}$$ from $$t
Transient Behavior in RC Circuit: Initial vs Steady-State
An RC circuit is constructed with a $$12~V$$ battery, and two branches: one branch contains a $$6~\O
AC Generator: Maximum Induced EMF Calculation
In a simple AC generator, a coil with 50 turns and an area of 0.2 m² rotates in a uniform magnetic f
Analysis of Magnetic Field vs. Distance for a Current-Carrying Wire
An experiment measures the magnetic field at various distances from a long, straight current-carryin
Angle-Dependent Magnetic Force
A charged particle with $$q = +3 \times 10^{-6} C$$ is moving at a speed of $$v = 1 \times 10^5 m/s$
Assessing Iron Dust Experiments for Bar Magnets
A study uses iron dust to demonstrate that the magnetic field inside a bar magnet is continuous and
Charged Particle in a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field
A charged particle with charge $$q = 2 \times 10^{-6}$$ C moves along the x-axis at a constant speed
Comparative Analysis of Induced Currents
A physics laboratory is set up to compare three different methods of inducing a current in a wire lo
Comparative Analysis of Magnetic Forces on Oppositely Charged Particles
Two particles, one with a positive charge of $$q_1 = +2 \times 10^{-6} \; C$$ and the other with a n
Critical Angle for Maximal Magnetic Force
A researcher investigates the dependence of the magnetic force on a charged particle with the equati
Designing a Magnetic Levitation Experiment
A researcher aims to levitate a small object using a combination of current-carrying coils and perma
Determination of Solenoid Current through Field Measurements
Students aim to determine the current flowing through a solenoid by measuring the magnetic field ins
Dynamic Analysis of Induced EMF in a Rotating Multi-turn Coil
A coil comprising $$N = 50$$ turns, each with an area of $$A = 0.02 \; m^2$$, rotates in a uniform m
Effect of Magnet Orientation on Flux
This FRQ examines how the orientation of a loop within a magnetic field affects the magnetic flux an
Effect of Magnetic Field Strength on Induced Current
Design an experiment to explore how varying the magnetic field strength affects the induced current
Energy Dissipation in Resistive Magnetic Systems
An experiment investigates energy dissipation in a circuit where an induced current flows through a
Evaluating Magnetic Forces on a Current-Carrying Wire
An experiment investigates the net magnetic force on a U-shaped current-carrying wire immersed in a
Experimental Investigation of Lenz's Law
A researcher sets up an experiment where the area of a coil is rapidly decreased while the coil is p
Experimental Verification of Lenz's Law
Design an experiment to verify Lenz's Law by demonstrating that the direction of the induced current
Faraday's Law and Rotating Loop
This FRQ requires applying Faraday's law to a rotating circular loop in a uniform magnetic field.
Force Cancellation in a U-Shaped Conductor
Design an experiment to investigate the conditions under which the net magnetic force on a U-shaped
Force Comparison: Permanent vs. Electromagnets
In a laboratory experiment, the attractive force between a fixed magnet and a piece of iron is measu
Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
A charged particle moves through a uniform magnetic field. Analyze the factors affecting the magnitu
Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
A charged particle moves through a uniform magnetic field. Determine the magnetic force acting under
Impact of Magnetic Field Reversal on Induced EMF
Consider a single-turn loop in which the magnetic flux initially is $$\Phi_i = B*A$$. If the externa
Induced EMF in a Rectangular Loop Under Rotation
A rectangular loop of wire measuring 0.1 m by 0.2 m is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.5 T.
Investigating Motional EMF in a Moving Conductor
In an experiment, a conducting rod of length $$\ell = 0.5\;m$$ is moved at a constant velocity throu
Magnetic Flux Through a Rotating Loop
A circular loop of radius $$r = 0.03 \; m$$ is placed in a uniform magnetic field of strength $$B =
Magnetic Force on a U-Shaped Current-Carrying Wire
A U-shaped conducting wire of mass $$m$$ is partially immersed in a uniform magnetic field of magnit
Magnetic Force on Moving Charge Experiment
A group of students designs an experiment to measure the magnetic force on electrons that are emitte
Magnetic Materials and Field Distribution
A researcher compares soft iron and hard steel as core materials in electromagnets. The magnetic per
Mapping Magnetic Field Lines
A researcher is investigating the spatial distribution and behavior of magnetic fields around a perm
Mapping Magnetic Field Lines using Computer Simulation
Students use a computer simulation to model the magnetic field lines around a bar magnet and analyze
Mapping Magnetic Field Lines using Iron Dust
In an experiment, a bar magnet is placed on a sheet and iron dust is sprinkled over it to visualize
Measurement of Induced Current in a Transformer Experiment
A group of students builds a simple transformer and measures the induced current in the secondary co
Measurement of Lorentz Force on a Moving Conductor
A laboratory experiment is set up to measure the Lorentz force acting on a copper bar that slides al
Measurement of Magnetic Fields Using Hall Effect Sensors
The Hall Effect is a valuable tool for measuring magnetic fields. Explain the principle behind Hall
Motional EMF in a Conducting Rod
This FRQ focuses on the phenomenon of motional electromotive force (emf) generated in a moving rod w
Qualitative Analysis of Magnetic Field Lines Using Iron Dust Technique
A scientist uses finely milled iron dust to visualize the magnetic field lines around a permanent ba
Solenoid and Uniform Magnetic Field
Investigate the magnetic field inside a solenoid and the assumption of its uniformity.
Uniform Magnetic Field in a Solenoid Experiment
An experiment is conducted using a solenoid as an electromagnet, and it is claimed that the magnetic
Verification of Right-Hand Rule Using Compass Readings
An experiment is conducted where students use a current-carrying wire to generate a magnetic field a
Zero Net Force in U-Shaped Wire Experiment
In a controlled experiment, a U-shaped wire with three segments is partially immersed in a magnetic
Advanced Thin Lens Systems in Compound Microscopes
A compound microscope uses two converging lenses: an objective lens with a focal length of $$f_o = 0
Brewster's Angle and Reflective Polarization
At the interface of air and glass, light can become polarized upon reflection.
Concave Mirror Image Analysis
An object of height $$h_o = 4 \ cm$$ is placed at a distance of $$d_o = 30 \ cm$$ in front of a conc
Converging Lens Magnification Experiment
A student performs an experiment with a converging (bi-convex) lens. In this setup, an object is pla
Converging Lens Power Determination
A converging lens forms a real image that is twice the height of the object. When an object is place
Converging Lens Power Measurement: Magnification Error Analysis
A student uses a converging lens to form a real image of an object, records the object and image dis
Determining Slit Separation from Fringe Spacing
In a Young's double slit experiment, the measured fringe spacing on the screen is $$\Delta y = 2.5 \
Diffraction Comparison: Single vs. Double Slit
In this question, you will compare the diffraction pattern produced by a single slit with the interf
Diffraction Grating Analysis
A diffraction grating with 5000 lines per centimeter is used to analyze white light. Consider the fi
Diffraction Limits in Optical Instruments
The resolving power of optical instruments is limited by diffraction. Answer the following:
Diverging Lens Image Formation
A student investigates the behavior of a diverging (concave) lens. In the experiment, an object with
Double Slit Interference Experiment: Measuring Green Light Wavelength
Design an experiment using a double slit apparatus to measure the wavelength of green light. Your de
Effect of Medium on EM Wave Propagation: Frequency Invariance Error Analysis
A student investigates the propagation of electromagnetic waves through air with varying humidity le
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Analysis
Electromagnetic waves consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields and travel through a vacuu
Experimental Interference Pattern Analysis
This question requires you to analyze experimental data from an interference experiment and evaluate
Experimental Verification of the Law of Reflection
The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. This questi
Image Formation by Convex Mirrors
A convex mirror has a focal length of $$20\,cm$$. An object is placed $$30\,cm$$ in front of the mir
Image Formation in Plane Mirrors
Consider a scenario where a person stands in front of a plane mirror at a distance $$d$$ from the mi
Image Formation in Plane Mirrors
A set of measurements has been taken using a plane mirror to form images. The data below compares ob
Image Formation with a Concave Mirror
A concave mirror has a focal length of 10 cm. An object 5 cm tall is placed 20 cm in front of it. Us
Interference from Coherent Light Sources
Two coherent, monochromatic light sources produce an interference pattern on a distant screen. Answe
Interference in Young's Double Slit Experiment
A student investigates interference patterns using a double-slit setup in a controlled laboratory ex
Investigating the Law of Reflection with a Plane Mirror
Develop an experiment to verify the law of reflection using a plane mirror. Your design should inclu
Lens Power Determination Based on Image Size
This question requires you to determine the power of a converging lens based on the magnification ob
Optical Fibers and Total Internal Reflection
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A single slit diffraction experiment is performed with a slit width of $$a = 0.1 * 10^{-3}$$ m, a sc
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Note Tips from Former AP Students
- Of course, make sure to run through College Board's past FRQ questions!
- Once you’re done with those go through all the questions in the AP Physics 2: Algebra-BasedFree Response Room. You can answer the question and have it grade you against the rubric so you know exactly where to improve.
- Reddit it also a great place to find AP free response questions that other students may have access to.