AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based FRQ Room
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AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based Free Response Questions
The best way to get better at FRQs is practice. Browse through dozens of practice AP $AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based FRQs to get ready for the big day.
Analyzing Flow Rate Data from a Pipe
An experiment measures water flow through a pipe of varying diameters. The following data table show
Average Hydrostatic Pressure on a Submerged Plate
A rectangular plate measuring 2 m in width and 1.5 m in height is submerged vertically in water (den
Ballast Systems in Submarines: Buoyancy Control
A submarine uses ballast tanks to adjust its buoyancy. Consider a submarine with an overall volume o
Bernoulli's Data Analysis
An experiment is conducted where a fluid flows through a horizontal pipe. A graph showing the variat
Bernoulli's Equation and Pressure Variation in a Constricted Pipe
A pump forces water (with density $$1000\;kg/m^{3}$$) through a pipe that gradually narrows. At poin
Bernoulli's Equation Application
A horizontal pipe has a constriction such that the cross-sectional area at Section 2 is one-third of
Bernoulli’s Equation in a Constricted Pipe
A pump forces water through a horizontal pipe that gradually constricts. At point 1 (where the pipe
Bernoulli’s Equation in a Constricted Pipe
A fluid flows through a horizontal pipe that gradually constricts. At the wide section (Point 1) the
Bernoulli's Equation in Pipe Flow
A pump forces water through a horizontal pipe that includes a constriction. At Point 1 (just after t
Branching Pipe Flow in a Plumbing System
Water flows from a reservoir through a pipe that splits into two branches. At the inlet, the pipe ha
Buoyancy Analysis: Floating and Sinking Objects
A laboratory study on buoyancy involves placing an object in a container of ethyl alcohol. The objec
Buoyancy and Archimedes’ Principle Experiment
An object with a mass of $$150\,kg$$ and a volume of $$0.75\,m^3$$ floats in a fluid of unknown dens
Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle Investigation
In a laboratory experiment, a researcher investigates the buoyancy of objects using ethyl alcohol (d
Buoyancy and Density Ratio Experiment
An experiment is conducted to study the buoyancy of various objects in different fluids. The followi
Buoyancy and Submerged Volume
An object with a mass of $$150 \cdot kg$$ and a volume of $$0.75 \cdot m^3$$ is placed in a fluid wi
Calculating Fluid Density and Pressure
Consider a cylindrical container filled with a fluid. The container has a volume V and holds a mass
Complex Pipe Network Analysis
This challenging problem involves analyzing a complex pipe network where a main pipe splits into two
Compressibility Effects in High-Pressure Fluid Systems
In a high-pressure hydraulic system, fluid compressibility effects, though typically small in liquid
Continuity Equation and Variable Pipe Flow
A horizontal pipe carrying a fluid branches into two tubes of different diameters. Analyze the situa
Continuity Equation in a Constricted Pipe
A horizontal pipe carries water (density $$1000\;kg/m^3$$) at a flow speed of $$6\;m/s$$. At one sec
Continuity Equation: Flow in a Non-uniform Pipe
A circular pipe carries water smoothly. At Point 1, the radius is $$2\,cm$$ with a measured velocity
Density Determination and Fluid Identification
This problem focuses on calculating density and using that result to discuss buoyancy. Answer the fo
Density Measurement Using a Hydrometer
A hydrometer is an instrument that measures liquid density by floating at a level where the buoyant
Determining Fluid Density
A sample of an unknown liquid has a mass of $$1.2 \times 10^{0} \text{ kg}$$ and occupies a volume o
Dynamics of a Floating Body in Fluid
A student investigates the dynamics of a floating object in water. The hypothesis is that when an ob
Evaluation of Laminar vs. Turbulent Flow in Viscous Fluids
A research paper claims that water flowing in a pipe with a diameter of 5 cm at a velocity of 2 m/s
Examining Temperature Effects on Density and Pressure
A fluid contained in a sealed vessel is heated from $$20^\circ C$$ to $$80^\circ C$$. At $$20^\circ
Experimental Design: Measuring Fluid Density Using Displacement
A researcher aims to measure the density of an unknown liquid using a water displacement method in a
Flow in a Constricted Pipe: Continuity Equation Application
Water flows through a horizontal pipe that narrows from a section with a radius $$r_1 = 2.0\,cm$$ an
Flow Rate in a Non-uniform Pipe
A researcher examines fluid flow through a non-uniform circular pipe where the fluid is assumed to b
Flow Regimes: Laminar vs. Turbulent Flow and Continuity Equation
In a fluid dynamics experiment, students observe a smooth transition from laminar to turbulent flow
Flow Through Irregular Channels
An experiment is carried out to measure water flow in an irregular channel where the cross-sectional
Flow through Varying Pipe Diameters
Water flows through a horizontal pipe that narrows. At Section 1, the pipe has a radius of 2 cm and
Fluid Flow in a River: Application of the Continuity Equation
A field study of a river involves measuring water flow through sections of differing cross-sectional
Fluid Flow Through an Orifice
A large tank drains water through a small orifice at its bottom. According to Torricelli’s law, the
Fluid Flow Through Porous Media: Investigating Darcy's Law
Design an experiment to study the flow of a fluid through a porous medium (such as packed sand) and
Gauge and Absolute Pressure Measurements
In an experiment, a pressure sensor records both gauge pressure and absolute pressure at various dep
Hydrostatic Pressure and Density Experiment
A researcher conducts an experiment to investigate hydrostatic pressure in two fluids, water and oil
Hydrostatic Pressure in a Fluid
Consider an open tank containing water. The water has a density of 1000 kg/m³. Atmospheric pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure in a Stratified Lake
In a lake experiencing a temperature gradient, water density increases with depth. Suppose the top 0
Hydrostatic Pressure in a Tank
This problem analyzes hydrostatic pressure in a fluid and the effect of atmospheric pressure on tota
Hydrostatic Pressure Variation
A rectangular tank is filled with a liquid of density $$\rho = 1000 \text{ kg/m}^3$$ to a height of
Inclined Pipe Flow with Incorrect Gravitational Component
A student analyzes fluid flow in an inclined pipe by measuring pressure at the upper and lower secti
Industrial Fluid Density and Pressure Calculation
A researcher in an industrial laboratory is studying fluid properties for engineering applications.
Investigating Siphon Dynamics and Flow Maintenance
Design an experiment to study the operation of a siphon system, focusing on the conditions necessary
Investigating Temperature Dependence of Fluid Density
The density of a liquid changes with temperature. A table below provides measurements of density at
Pitot Tube Velocity Measurement
A Pitot tube is used to determine the velocity of air. The difference between the stagnation pressur
Pressure at an Interface of Two Fluids
A container holds two immiscible fluids. A layer of oil (density $$800\;kg/m^3$$, depth $$0.5\;m$$)
Pressure Changes with Altitude
Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude. A graph shows measured pressures at various altitudes.
Submerged Object Pressure Analysis
A researcher examines the variation of hydrostatic pressure on an object fully submerged in water.
Temperature Effects on Fluid Density
In an experiment, the density of water was measured at different temperatures. The results are shown
Time-Varying Fluid Flow Analysis
In an experiment, the volume flow rate of water through a horizontal pipe is found to vary with time
Visualization of Laminar Flow in Pipes
In an experiment designed to visualize the velocity profile of a fluid in a pipe, sensors are placed
Wind Tunnel Dynamic Pressure Measurement Error
A student performs an experiment in a wind tunnel to measure dynamic pressure using a pitot tube. Th
Adiabatic Process Analysis
In an adiabatic process, no heat is exchanged with the surroundings. (a) Define an adiabatic process
Analysis of Conduction, Convection, and Radiation in Heat Transfer Experiment
An experiment is designed to study different modes of heat transfer. In one part of the experiment,
Analysis of Heat Conduction Through Materials
A flat slab of material has a thickness of 0.05 m and an area of 1.0 m². The temperature difference
Analysis of Real Gas Behavior
The Ideal Gas Law assumes ideal behavior, but real gases deviate from this under certain conditions.
Analysis of Thermodynamic Processes on a P–V Diagram
A researcher examines four thermodynamic processes (isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, and isochoric)
Analyzing Kinetic Energy and Gas Temperature Measurements
An experiment measures the average kinetic energy of gas molecules and compares the findings to theo
Application of the First Law of Thermodynamics in a Piston System
A gas confined in a piston receives $$500\;J$$ of heat. During its expansion, the gas does $$200\;J$
Combined Thermodynamic Processes
A gas initially at state A \((P = 2.0\times10^5 \text{ Pa}, V = 0.01 \text{ m}^3, T = 300 \text{ K})
Comparative Analysis of Convection and Radiation Heating
A scientist conducts an experiment comparing two heating methods: convection and radiation. The tabl
Comparative Analysis of Heat Loss in Buildings
In residential buildings during winter, significant energy loss occurs due to heat transfer. (a) Id
Comparative Study of Heat Transfer Modes in Earth's Atmosphere
Understanding heat transfer in the Earth’s atmosphere is crucial for climate modeling. The three pri
Conduction, Specific Heat, and Temperature Change
A metal rod of mass 2 kg and specific heat capacity 400 J/(kg·K) is heated by supplying 8000 J of en
Designing an Experiment to Measure Convective Heat Transfer
A researcher aims to measure the convective heat transfer coefficient in a fluid flowing over a heat
Deviation from Ideal Behavior in Real Gases
A researcher compares the behavior of an ideal gas with a real gas under identical conditions: 0.5 m
Effect of Temperature on RMS Velocity
Given that $$v_{rms} = \sqrt{\frac{3k_B T}{m}}$$ for an ideal gas, (a) Explain the functional depend
Entropy Change Measurement in a Spontaneous Process: Experimental Design
Entropy is a measure of disorder and increases in spontaneous processes. Design an experiment to mea
Evaluating the Role of Pressure Differences in Atmospheric Applications
A high-altitude weather balloon collects data on atmospheric pressure as it ascends. The recorded da
Experimental Verification of the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
An experiment is devised to verify the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics using three objects. Object C is
Exploring Kinetic Molecular Theory via Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution
An experiment is conducted to study the speed distribution of gas molecules. The data is represented
First Law of Thermodynamics in a Closed System
Consider a closed system in which energy changes occur solely through heat transfer and work. The fi
Heat Engine Efficiency
A heat engine operates in a cyclic process where heat is taken in from a high-temperature source, pa
Heat Engine Efficiency and Cycle Analysis
Examine a heat engine that draws heat from a high-temperature source and rejects waste heat. Analyze
Heat Engine Efficiency and Energy Analysis
A heat engine operates in cycles, drawing heat from a high-temperature reservoir and rejecting part
Heat Engine Efficiency Experiment Error
In an experiment designed to measure the efficiency of a heat engine, a student records the amount o
Heat Transfer by Convection
Heat transfer by convection occurs due to the movement of fluids. (a) Explain the mechanism by which
Heat Transfer Conduction/Convection Experiment Error
A student investigates heat transfer through a metal rod by heating one end and measuring temperatur
Interpreting the Maxwell-Boltzmann Speed Distribution
Examine the provided Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution graph and answer the following questions.
Investigating the Role of Atmospheric Pressure in Sealed Container Systems
The net force on a container’s lid results from the difference between the internal gas pressure and
Investigating the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Cyclic Processes
Consider a closed system undergoing a cyclic process. Analyze the net entropy change for both revers
Investigation of Pressure in Confined Gases
A researcher conducts an experiment using a sealed, rigid container fitted with a pressure sensor to
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Analysis
A researcher claims that increasing the temperature of a gas not only increases the average speed of
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Analysis
The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution characterizes the spread of molecular speeds in an ideal gas. (a)
Multi-Cycle Heat Engine Performance Analysis
A heat engine operates in cycles. In each cycle, it absorbs 1000 J of heat, performs 400 J of work,
Non-Ideal Gas Behavior and Real Gas Equations
A researcher observes that at high pressures, real gases deviate from ideal behavior. To account for
Pressure and Force in Confined Gas Systems
A researcher measures the pressure of a confined gas inside a container with a flexible lid. The int
Reversibility and Work in Thermodynamic Cycles
A reversible thermodynamic cycle is performed, and a P–V diagram of the cycle is recorded. Use the d
Statistical Interpretation of Gas Behavior
The kinetic theory of gases connects microscopic molecular behavior with macroscopic properties. Two
Thermal Conductivity through Conduction
An experiment measures the rate of heat transfer through a material using the conduction formula $$\
Thermal Insulation Effectiveness Experiment Error
A student conducts an experiment to test the effectiveness of different insulation materials by meas
Work Calculation in Gas Expansion Experiment Error
A student investigates the work done by a gas during expansion by measuring the displacement of a pi
Analysis of a Parallel-Plate Capacitor
A parallel-plate capacitor has a capacitance of $$10 \; nF$$ and holds a charge of $$50 \; \mu C$$ o
Assessing the Impact of Fringing Fields on Capacitance
A parallel-plate capacitor with plate area A and separation d is ideally described by $$C = \frac{\v
Balancing Gravitational and Electric Forces
A 5 g object is placed 2 cm above a large, uniformly charged horizontal plate producing a uniform el
Balancing Gravitational and Electric Forces in a Uniform Field
A small object of mass 5.0 g is placed 2.0 cm above a large, positively charged horizontal plate tha
Capacitance Measurement: Edge Effects Neglect
In an experiment to measure the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor, a student builds the capa
Capacitor Design Challenge
A parallel-plate capacitor is constructed with two metal plates separated by a distance of 0.2 mm in
Charge Quantization: Detector Calibration and Noise Issues
An experiment is performed to verify the quantization of electric charge by isolating individual cha
Charge Redistribution Experiment
An experiment is designed to verify the conservation of charge during collisions between conducting
Charge Transfer and Work Calculation
Consider a system where two fixed charges create an electric potential difference between two points
Charging Methods Experiment: Conduction vs. Induction
This experiment compares two methods of charging an object: conduction and induction. Two identical
Comprehensive Analysis: Electric Field, Potential, and Energy
A comprehensive investigation is carried out on a system with a single point charge $$Q$$ fixed at t
Coulomb’s Law in Different Media
A study investigates how the presence of various media affects the force between two point charges,
Coulomb’s Pendulum Experiment Error Analysis
In an experiment designed to measure the electrostatic force between two identically charged spheres
Determining Coulomb's Constant Experiment
A researcher conducts an experiment to determine Coulomb's constant by suspending two small charged
Determining Coulomb's Constant Experiment
A series of measurements is conducted to determine Coulomb’s constant $$k$$ by measuring the force b
Dielectric Effects in a Capacitor
A parallel-plate capacitor with a plate separation of 1.0 mm is initially filled with air (dielectri
Dielectric Effects on Capacitor Behavior
A parallel-plate capacitor initially has a vacuum between its plates and is charged to a voltage V₀.
Dipole Electric Field Analysis
This question examines the calculation and analysis of the electric field created by an electric dip
Dipole Electric Field at Midpoint
A dipole is formed by two point charges of +4.0 nC and -4.0 nC separated by a distance of 6.0 cm. De
Dipole Electric Field Calculation and Explanation
A dipole is formed by two point charges: a positive charge of $$+4.0*10^{-9}$$ C and a negative char
Electric Charge Distribution on Conductors: Capacitance Influence Error
In an experiment aimed at studying charge distribution, two metallic spheres of different radii are
Electric Dipole Torque in a Uniform Field
An electric dipole with dipole moment $$p = 3.0 \times 10^{-29}\,C\cdot m$$ is placed in a uniform e
Electric Field Balancing Gravitational Force
An object with a mass of $$5\,g$$ is placed in a uniform vertical electric field produced by a large
Electric Field due to a Point Charge in Different Media
Consider a point charge Q = 2.0 × 10⁻⁹ C placed in free space.
Electric Field Lines at Media Boundaries
This problem examines how electric field lines behave at the boundary between two different media an
Electric Field Mapping and Equipotential Surfaces
In an experiment, equipotential maps are generated for a charge configuration. These maps illustrate
Electric Field Mapping Using Discrete Data Points
A student conducts an experiment to measure the electric field around a set of point charges by firs
Electric Field Modeling in a Charged Particle Accelerator Element
In a charged particle accelerator, a pair of parallel plate electrodes is used to generate a uniform
Electric Potential Due to a Point Charge
A point charge of $$+2.0*10^{-9}$$ C creates an electric potential in the surrounding space. (a) Ca
Electric Potential from Multiple Point Charges
Two fixed point charges, $$Q_1$$ and $$Q_2$$, are located at specified positions. A point A is locat
Electric Potential in a Dipole Configuration
An electric dipole is formed by two charges +Q and -Q with Q = 5.0 × 10⁻⁹ C, separated by 8.0 cm. Co
Equipotential Curves for an Electric Dipole
An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges separated by a small distance. (a) S
Equipotential Maps and Field Line Analysis
An equipotential map of a two-charge system is provided in the stimulus. Answer the following: (a)
Equipotential Surfaces and Electric Field Lines
For an isolated positive point charge: Part A: Describe the geometry of its equipotential surfaces.
Experimental Validation of Coulomb’s Law
An experiment is conducted to verify Coulomb’s law by measuring the force between two small charged
Exploring the Balance of Electric and Gravitational Forces
Design an experiment in which a charged object is suspended in a uniform electric field, balancing t
Force Balance in a Uniform Electric Field
A researcher studies a small object of mass $$5 \; g$$ in a vertical, uniform electric field produce
Graphical Analysis of Electric Potential Energy
A graph is provided showing the electrical potential energy U of a test charge as a function of its
Influence of Charge Magnitude on Electric Potential
Design an experiment using a variable charge on a point charge source to measure the resulting elect
Kinetic Energy Gain from Electric Potential Energy Loss
A negative charge of magnitude q = -1×10⁻⁸ C is released from rest at a distance of 10 cm from a fix
Mapping Equipotential Surfaces around Multiple Charged Particles
Design an experiment to map the equipotential surfaces for a system consisting of two positive and t
Measurement and Analysis of Charge Distribution on a Sphere
A non-conducting sphere of radius 5 cm carries a total charge of 2×10⁻⁸ C uniformly distributed thro
Measuring Coulomb Force Experiment
A scientist is investigating the validity of Coulomb's Law by measuring the force between two charge
Methods of Charging: Friction, Conduction, and Induction
There are three primary methods for charging objects: by friction, conduction, and induction. (a) D
Millikan Oil-Drop Experiment
This classic experiment aims to demonstrate the quantization of electric charge. Tiny oil droplets a
Net Force on a Central Charge in a Square Configuration
Four equal positive point charges are placed at the vertices of a square with side length 10 cm, and
Non-Uniform Charge Distribution Effects
A researcher examines the electric field created by a hemispherical charge distribution with total c
Setup of a Uniform Electric Field Using Parallel Plates
Design a laboratory experiment to create a uniform electric field using two parallel plates and to m
Superposition of Electric Fields: Square Charge Configuration
Four identical positive point charges are fixed at the vertices of a square with side length 0.20 m.
Uniform Electric Field Equilibrium Experiment
An experiment is set up in which a large, positively charged plate generates a uniform electric fiel
Uniform Electric Field from a Charged Plate
A large horizontal plate carries a uniform positive surface charge density σ = 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ C/m².
Verification of the Inverse Square Law for Electric Forces
An experiment measured the electric force between two charged objects as the distance between them w
Work Done by Electric Force and Equipotentials
This problem involves calculating the work done by the electric field when moving a charge between t
Work Done in a Uniform Electric Field
Consider a uniform electric field of magnitude E = 500 N/C. A positive charge q = 0.02 C is moved pa
Work Done on a Charge in a Radial Electric Field
A positive charge $$q = 2.0*10^{-6}$$ C is moved radially away from a fixed point charge $$Q = 1.0*1
Advanced Transient Analysis in Electric Circuits
A complex circuit contains multiple RC branches with different resistances and capacitances. The tra
Analyzing Ammeter and Voltmeter Measurements
A circuit is constructed with a battery and a resistor. An ammeter and a voltmeter are connected to
Assessing Charging Curves of Capacitors in Series and Parallel
An experiment claims that the charging curves of capacitors differ based on whether they are arrange
Battery Internal Resistance and Terminal Voltage
This question investigates the effects of a battery's internal resistance on its terminal voltage wh
Capacitor Charging Experiment in an RC Circuit
A student assembles an RC circuit that includes a 12 V battery, a 3 Ω resistor, and an initially unc
Charging Behavior of an RC Circuit
A capacitor with capacitance $$C = 5 \text{ F}$$ is charged through a resistor of $$R = 3 \Omega$$ b
Circuit Design and Optimization: An Integrated Approach
Design a circuit that delivers a steady current of $$2~A$$ to a load while minimizing power loss and
Comparison of Energy Storage in Capacitors and Batteries
Both capacitors and batteries store energy, but they do so via different physical mechanisms. Answer
Designing a Circuit for Controlled Power Dissipation
Design a circuit that will safely dissipate 50 W of power when connected to a 12V battery. This desi
Designing a Resistor Network for Specific Equivalent Resistance
You are provided with resistors of values $$5 \Omega$$, $$10 \Omega$$, and $$15 \Omega$$. Design a r
Effect of Adding a Parallel Resistor in a Series Circuit
Consider a circuit consisting of a 9 V battery connected in series with a 12 Ω resistor. A 24 Ω resi
Effect of Wire Cross-Sectional Area on Resistance
Resistance in a wire is given by the formula $$R = \rho \frac{l}{A}$$, where A is the cross-sectiona
Experimental Errors in Electric Circuit Measurements
In a laboratory setting, students measure various parameters such as voltage, current, and resistanc
Graphical Analysis of Battery Discharge
A battery is discharged over time and its terminal voltage is recorded. The following graph shows th
Investigating Capacitance: The Role of Plate Area and Separation
The capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor is given by $$C = k*\epsilon_0*\frac{A}{d}$$, where $$
Investigating Non-Ohmic Behavior in an AC Circuit
A student conducts an experiment on an incandescent light bulb powered by a 120 V AC source and atte
Investigating the Effect of Capacitor Dielectric Constant on Capacitance
In a laboratory experiment, capacitors are built using different dielectric materials. The capacitan
Kirchhoff's Circuit Analysis
A circuit consists of two loops sharing a common resistor. In Loop 1, a 9 V battery is connected in
Measurement and Analysis of Conductivity in Different Materials
The electrical properties of materials can be compared by considering their conductivity (the invers
Non-Ohmic Behavior in Real-World Devices
Some devices, such as filament bulbs or semiconductors, exhibit non-ohmic behavior, meaning their V-
Power Dissipation in Resistive Circuits
A resistor with a resistance of $$10\,\Omega$$ is connected to a $$9\,V$$ battery. Answer the follow
RC Circuit Response and Steady State Behavior
Consider an RC circuit containing a battery, a resistor, a capacitor, and an additional resistor in
Resistor Network Analysis
Consider a circuit where a 4 Ω resistor is connected in series with a parallel combination of a 3 Ω
Resistor Power Dissipation and Safety
A resistor with a resistance of $$50\,\Omega$$ is connected to a $$24\,V$$ battery. Answer the follo
Transient and Steady State Analysis in RC Circuit
Consider an RC circuit with a resistor $$R = 1\times10^3\,\Omega$$, a capacitor $$C = 10\,\mu F$$, a
Transient Response Analysis in an RC Circuit
An RC circuit is connected to a $$10 \text{ V}$$ battery with a resistor of $$5 \Omega$$ and a capac
Transient Response Analysis in an RC Circuit at Switch Closure
An RC circuit is suddenly closed (switch closed), resulting in a rapid change in current through the
Analysis of a Two-Component Magnetic Circuit
Consider a magnetic circuit composed of two adjacent materials (A and B) with different permeabiliti
Analysis of Motional EMF in a Moving Conductor
A metal rod of length $$\ell = 0.4 \; m$$ moves with a constant speed of $$v = 4 \; m/s$$ through a
Circular Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field
A charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to its velocity and undergoes unifo
Circular Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field
A particle with charge $$q = 0.1 C$$ and mass $$m = 0.02 kg$$ enters a uniform magnetic field $$B =
Dependence of Induced EMF on Rotation Rate
A circular loop rotates continuously in a uniform magnetic field, thereby inducing an emf that varie
Designing an Electromagnetic Induction Experiment
This FRQ requires designing an experiment to investigate how the speed of a sliding rod affects the
Effect of Changing Magnetic Field Strength on Induced Current
A coil is subjected to a magnetic field that decreases linearly from $$B_0$$ to $$B_1$$ over a time
Effect of Magnet Orientation on Flux
This FRQ examines how the orientation of a loop within a magnetic field affects the magnetic flux an
Effect of Magnetic Permeability on Solenoid Magnetic Field
A long solenoid with $$n = 500\; turns/m$$ carries a current of $$I = 2 \; A$$. With an air core, th
Energy Dissipation in Resistive Magnetic Systems
An experiment investigates energy dissipation in a circuit where an induced current flows through a
Exploring Eddy Currents and Energy Dissipation
Eddy currents are induced in conductors when exposed to changing magnetic fields, and they can lead
Faraday's Law and Rotating Loop
This FRQ requires applying Faraday's law to a rotating circular loop in a uniform magnetic field.
Force on a Charged Particle in a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field
A charged particle with charge $$q$$ moves with constant speed $$v$$ in a region where the magnetic
Induced EMF in a Rotating Rod
A conducting rod of length $$L = 0.4 m$$ rotates about one end in a uniform magnetic field $$B = 0.3
Investigating the Magnetic Field of a Solenoid
A solenoid with length $$L$$, number of turns $$N$$, and carrying current $$I$$ produces a uniform m
Lenz’s Law and Induced Current Direction
In an experiment, a coil is subjected to a changing magnetic flux by moving a magnet toward and then
Magnetic Field from a Current-Carrying Wire
This FRQ involves calculating the magnetic field due to a current-carrying wire and analyzing experi
Magnetic Field Mapping with Iron Filings
A permanent magnet’s surrounding region is investigated using iron filings. Explain how iron filings
Magnetic Field vs. Distance from Wire
A long, straight wire carrying a constant current produces a magnetic field whose strength decreases
Magnetic Permeability and Field Strength
An experiment investigates how different materials affect the apparent magnetic field strength when
Mapping Magnetic Field Lines with Iron Filings
A bar magnet is placed on a flat surface and iron filings are sprinkled around it. Describe how yo
Mapping the Magnetic Field Around a Straight Current-Carrying Wire
In this experiment, students use a Hall sensor to measure the magnetic field (B) at various distance
Measurement of Induced Current in a Transformer Experiment
A group of students builds a simple transformer and measures the induced current in the secondary co
Measurement of Magnetic Field Gradient near an Electromagnet
A research team uses a magnetic field probe to measure the gradient of the magnetic field in the vic
Proton Force Near a Current-Carrying Wire
A proton moves near a long, straight wire carrying a fixed current, and its magnetic force is measur
Rotating Coil and Faraday’s Law Experiment
Design an experiment to test Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction by using a coil rotating in
Sinusoidal Induced EMF in a Rotating Loop
A circular loop of radius 0.1 m rotates in a uniform magnetic field of 0.25 T with a constant angula
Theoretical Exploration of Hypothetical Magnetic Monopoles
Although magnetic monopoles have not been observed, suppose that a magnetic monopole with magnetic c
Torque on a Current Loop in a Magnetic Field
A rectangular current loop is suspended in a uniform magnetic field. Its angular deflection is measu
Uniform Field of a Solenoid
A researcher studies the magnetic field produced by a solenoid. Measurements of the magnetic field a
Zero Net Force Condition in a U-Shaped Conductor
A U-shaped conductor is placed in a uniform magnetic field and carries a current. Under specific con
Analyzing the Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves
Polarization describes the orientation of light waves. In this problem, you will explain polarizatio
Calculating Lens Power from Image Magnification
An object is placed $$10 \text{ cm}$$ in front of a converging lens and produces a real image that i
Concave Mirror Image Formation
An object of height 5 cm is placed 20 cm from a concave mirror with a focal length of 10 cm. Answer
Converging Lens Ray Tracing
A converging lens has a focal length of $$15\,cm$$. An object is placed $$20\,cm$$ from the lens. An
Converging Thin Lens Image Formation
A researcher sets up a converging lens with a focal length of $$15$$ cm to project an image. An obje
Convex Mirror Image Formation
An object of height $$5 \text{ cm}$$ is placed $$20 \text{ cm}$$ in front of a convex mirror with a
Critical Angle Determination for Various Media
A researcher is studying critical angles when light passes from glass (with $$n=1.5$$) into differen
Determining Index of Refraction Using Critical Angle Measurements
A student conducts an experiment to determine the index of refraction of a transparent material by m
Diffraction Grating Analysis
A researcher uses a diffraction grating with 5000 lines per centimeter to analyze the spectrum of a
Diverging Lens Experiment: Investigating Virtual Image Formation
Design a controlled experiment to study the image characteristics produced by a diverging lens. Your
Diverging Lens Image Construction
A diverging lens has a focal length of $$-25\,cm$$. An object is placed $$50\,cm$$ in front of the l
Diverging Thin Lens Analysis
A researcher examines a diverging lens with a focal length of $$-20$$ cm. An object of height 8 cm i
Effect of Medium on EM Wave Propagation: Frequency Invariance Error Analysis
A student investigates the propagation of electromagnetic waves through air with varying humidity le
Electromagnetic Wave Characterization
A researcher studies electromagnetic waves emitted by distant stars, using the fundamental relation
Electromagnetic Wave Generation and Analysis
An oscillating charge in an antenna generates electromagnetic waves. Consider a radio transmitter op
Electromagnetic Waves: Frequency and Polarization
An electromagnetic wave in a vacuum travels at a constant speed of $$c = 3.0 * 10^8$$ m/s. Consider
Experimental Interference Pattern Analysis
This question requires you to analyze experimental data from an interference experiment and evaluate
Fiber Optic Communication Design
In fiber optic communication, light is guided through a cable by total internal reflection. Consider
Image Formation with a Concave Mirror
A student investigates image formation using a concave mirror. In the experiment, a concave mirror w
Image Formation with a Convex Mirror
An object 8 cm tall is placed 30 cm in front of a convex mirror with a focal length of -15 cm (using
Interference in Multiple-Slit Systems
An experiment compares the interference patterns produced by a double-slit setup and a triple-slit s
Investigation of Diffraction Gratings in Spectroscopy
Diffraction gratings are key components in spectroscopy, providing high resolution in wavelength sep
Lens Power and Image Magnification
An experiment with a converging lens shows that when an object is placed $$10\,cm$$ from the lens, t
Lens Power Calculation from Image Magnification
A student uses a converging lens to investigate magnification. In the experiment, an object is place
Lens Power Determination Based on Image Size
This question requires you to determine the power of a converging lens based on the magnification ob
Lens-Mirror Combination Instrument
A researcher designs an optical instrument that integrates a converging lens with a focal length of
Optical Fibers and Total Internal Reflection
Optical fibers use total internal reflection to guide light over long distances. Consider an optical
Optical Sensors in Environmental Monitoring
Environmental scientists are developing optical sensors to monitor particulate matter in water. The
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Design an experiment to investigate how plane mirrors form virtual images. Your design should includ
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A beam of unpolarized light passes through a polarizing filter, emerging as linearly polarized light
Polarization of EM Waves: Experimental Error Analysis
A student sets up an experiment to measure the variation in light intensity as a polarizing filter i
Reflection and Refraction: Snell's Law
A beam of light traveling in air (with an index of refraction, n = 1.0) strikes a glass surface (n =
Refraction and Snell's Law Experiment
A light beam traveling in air (index of refraction $$n_1=1$$) strikes a glass surface (index of refr
Single Slit Diffraction Analysis
In a single slit experiment, a diffraction pattern is recorded. A graph of intensity versus angle is
Single Slit Diffraction Analysis
A student conducts an experiment to investigate the diffraction pattern produced by a single slit. T
Single Slit Diffraction Analysis
A single slit of width $$a = 0.1\,mm$$ is illuminated by monochromatic light with a wavelength of $$
Single-Slit Diffraction: Experimental Error Analysis
In an experiment aimed at studying single-slit diffraction, a student sets up a coherent light sourc
Snell's Law Experiment: Determining Refractive Indices of Different Media
Design an experiment to determine the refractive index of a medium using Snell's law. Your plan shou
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An object of height 10 cm is placed 40 cm from a converging lens with a focal length of 15 cm. Answe
Thin Film Interference and Optical Coatings
A thin film coating on a glass surface is designed to produce constructive interference for light of
Total Internal Reflection Analysis
A light beam travels in water (index of refraction $$n=1.33$$) and approaches the water-air boundary
Young's Double-Slit Experiment Analysis
In a Young's double-slit experiment, the slit separation is $$d = 1.5*10^{-3}\,m$$, the distance to
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Note Tips from Former AP Students
- Of course, make sure to run through College Board's past FRQ questions!
- Once you’re done with those go through all the questions in the AP Physics 2: Algebra-BasedFree Response Room. You can answer the question and have it grade you against the rubric so you know exactly where to improve.
- Reddit it also a great place to find AP free response questions that other students may have access to.