AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based FRQ Room
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AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based Free Response Questions
The best way to get better at FRQs is practice. Browse through dozens of practice AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based FRQs to get ready for the big day.
Air Velocity Measurement with a Pitot Tube
A Pitot tube is used in a wind tunnel to measure the airspeed. The device records a pressure differe
Airflow and Lift on an Aircraft Wing using Bernoulli's Principle
An aircraft wing is designed so that the airspeed over the top surface is 250 m/s and beneath the wi
Airflow and Lift on an Airfoil
An airplane wing is designed so that the air above the wing travels at a different speed than the ai
Analyzing a Pressure-Flow Graph for a Fluid Pipe System
A graph is provided showing the relationship between pressure and flow rate in a controlled pipe sys
Application of Bernoulli’s Equation in Fluid Flow
A researcher studies water flow through a pipe system that gradually narrows. Bernoulli’s equation,
Assessing the Impact of Fluid Viscosity on Flow Rate
In ideal fluid dynamics, the continuity equation and Bernoulli’s equation assume negligible viscosit
Bernoulli’s Equation in a Constricted Pipe
A fluid flows through a horizontal pipe that gradually constricts. At the wide section (Point 1) the
Bernoulli’s Equation in a Constricted Pipe
A pump forces water through a horizontal pipe that gradually constricts. At point 1 (where the pipe
Branching Pipe Flow in a Plumbing System
Water flows from a reservoir through a pipe that splits into two branches. At the inlet, the pipe ha
Buoyancy Analysis of a Floating Object
An object with a mass of 150 kg and a volume of 0.75 m³ is placed in a fluid. Consider a fluid with
Buoyancy and Floating Objects
An object with a mass of 150 kg and a volume of 0.75 m³ is placed in a fluid with a density of 800 k
Buoyancy and Floating Objects Analysis
An object with a mass of 150 kg and a volume of 0.75 m³ is floating in a fluid. In one case, the flu
Buoyancy and Immersion Fraction
A homogeneous solid object has a mass of $$200$$ kg and a volume of $$1.0$$ m³. It is placed in two
Buoyancy and Stability of a Floating Body
A rectangular boat with a flat bottom is floating in freshwater (density = 1000 kg/m³). The boat has
Buoyancy Force Miscalculation Experiment
A student aims to measure the buoyant force acting on an object immersed in ethyl alcohol using a sp
Buoyant Force Measurement Experiment
In an experiment designed to measure buoyant force, the weights of submerged objects were recorded.
Comparing Flow Rates in Different Pipes
A fluid flows through a pipe system that splits into two branches. Branch A has a circular cross-sec
Continuity Equation in a Non-Uniform Pipe
A researcher is analyzing water flow in a circular pipe whose diameter changes along its length. At
Continuity Equation in Pipe Flow
A circular pipe with a varying diameter carries water in a steady flow. At one section of the pipe,
Continuity Equation: Flow in a Non-uniform Pipe
A circular pipe carries water smoothly. At Point 1, the radius is $$2\,cm$$ with a measured velocity
Designing a Water Distribution System using the Continuity Equation
An engineering water distribution system uses a main pipe which eventually splits into several branc
Designing a Water Fountain: Pressure and Flow
A landscape architect is designing a water fountain and needs the water jet to reach a maximum heigh
Determining Fluid Density
A sample of an unknown liquid has a mass of $$1.2 \times 10^{0} \text{ kg}$$ and occupies a volume o
Determining the Net Force on a Submerged Object
An object fully submerged in a fluid experiences gravitational, buoyant, and drag forces. Analyze th
Dynamic Pressure and Airspeed from Pitot Tube Measurements
A Pitot tube is used on an aircraft to measure dynamic pressure, which is then used to calculate the
Dynamic Pressure and Nozzle Flow
An industrial nozzle is designed to eject a high-speed jet of water. The inlet pressure is measured
Effect of Altitude on Atmospheric Pressure and Buoyancy
An experiment is conducted to measure the effects of altitude on atmospheric pressure. At sea level,
Effect of Temperature on Fluid Density and Hydrostatic Pressure
Design an experiment to measure how the density of a fluid changes with temperature and how these ch
Effect of Temperature on Fluid Properties
This problem investigates how temperature changes affect fluid properties such as density and viscos
Effects of Gravity on Fluid Flow in a Vertical Pipe
A researcher investigates the impact of gravity on fluid flow in a vertical pipe system by measuring
Experimental Analysis of Lift Generation
In wind tunnel experiments, an airfoil is tested under varying flow speeds. A table gives measured d
Exploring Buoyancy in Variable Fluid Densities
A block with a volume of $$0.5\,m^3$$ and a mass of $$400\,kg$$ is placed in two different fluids. I
Flow Dynamics in a Non-Uniform Pipe System
Water flows through a pipe system that varies in cross-sectional area along its length. A provided g
Flow Rate and Pipe Constriction
Water flows through a horizontal cylindrical pipe that narrows from a radius of 4.0 cm to a radius o
Flow Rate in a Constricted Pipe
This question applies the continuity equation to determine flow rates and velocities in a pipe with
Flow Rate in a Non-uniform Pipe
A researcher examines fluid flow through a non-uniform circular pipe where the fluid is assumed to b
Flow Regimes: Laminar vs. Turbulent Flow and Continuity Equation
In a fluid dynamics experiment, students observe a smooth transition from laminar to turbulent flow
Fluid Density and Pressure in a Tank
A cylindrical tank contains an unknown fluid. The tank has a height of $$h = 2.0~m$$ and a base area
Fluid Flow Through Porous Media: Investigating Darcy's Law
Design an experiment to study the flow of a fluid through a porous medium (such as packed sand) and
Fluid Jet from a Tank Orifice
Water is flowing out of a small circular hole located near the bottom of a large tank. According to
Force Analysis on a Dam Structure Using Fluid Pressure
A dam holds back a reservoir of water with a depth of 20 m. The vertical face of the dam has a width
Hydrostatic Pressure Variation
A rectangular tank is filled with a liquid of density $$\rho = 1000 \text{ kg/m}^3$$ to a height of
Impact of Altitude on Atmospheric Pressure
A researcher calibrating an aneroid barometer measures atmospheric pressure at sea level as 101325 P
Impact of Fluid Viscosity on Flow Dynamics
Two fluids with different viscosities flow through identical pipes. A table below presents their pro
Investigating Fluid Oscillations in a U-Tube
A U-tube containing a fluid is displaced from equilibrium and allowed to oscillate. Analyze the osci
Investigating Pressure-Volume Relationships in Sealed Systems
Design an experiment to investigate the relationship between pressure and volume in a sealed contain
Measurement and Correction of Fluid Pressure
A pressure sensor installed in a water tank provides the following readings at different depths: |
Multi-Stage Fluid Dynamics Analysis in a Piping Network
A fluid flows through a piping network with three segments having different diameters and elevation
Non-uniform Flow Channel Velocity Measurement Error
A student designs an experiment to measure the velocity of water in an open channel that has section
Oil-Water Separation in Multi-Phase Fluid Systems
An experiment is conducted in a container to investigate oil-water separation based on density diffe
Pressure Changes with Altitude
Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude. A graph shows measured pressures at various altitudes.
Pressure on a Vertical Column
A cylindrical concrete pillar has a base area of $$0.75\,m^2$$, a height of $$3.0\,m$$, and a densit
Pressure Variations in a Natural Lake
This question connects fluid mechanics with environmental applications by calculating hydrostatic pr
Quantitative Analysis of Pressure Distribution in an Accelerating Fluid
A rectangular container with a length of $$2 \cdot m$$ is filled with water (density = $$1000 \cdot
Siphon Action Analysis
A siphon is used to transfer water from a container. The highest point of the siphon tube is 2 m abo
Surface Pressure Analysis of a Column
A vertical column of cement has a base area of $$0.5\,m^2$$, a height of $$2\,m$$, and a density of
Vibrating Tube Densitometer Calibration Error
A student employs a vibrating tube densitometer to measure the densities of various fluids by correl
Visualizing Fluid Flow Using Dye Injection
Design an experiment to visualize streamlines and measure flow velocities in a fluid by injecting dy
Adiabatic Process Analysis
In an adiabatic process, no heat is exchanged with the surroundings. (a) Define an adiabatic process
Analysis of a P-V Diagram for Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes
This question examines a P-V diagram that displays two distinct thermodynamic processes: one isother
Analysis of Thermodynamic Processes on a P–V Diagram
A researcher examines four thermodynamic processes (isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, and isochoric)
Analysis of Work Done in Cyclic Processes
In a cyclic thermodynamic process, the net work done by the system is equal to the area enclosed by
Analyzing Deviations from the Ideal Gas Law
A researcher measures the pressure of a gas at various volumes and observes deviations from the Idea
Analyzing Energy Balance in a Calorimetry Experiment
In a calorimetry experiment, a water bath is used to measure the energy transfer. The specific heat
Analyzing Kinetic Energy and Gas Temperature Measurements
An experiment measures the average kinetic energy of gas molecules and compares the findings to theo
Chemical Reaction Calorimetry Experiment Error
A student carries out a calorimetry experiment to determine the heat released during an exothermic c
Comparative Analysis of Convection and Radiation Heating
A scientist conducts an experiment comparing two heating methods: convection and radiation. The tabl
Conduction Across Layered Materials
A claim is made that the rate of heat transfer through a composite wall can be accurately described
Conduction Heat Transfer Analysis
A metal rod is used to conduct heat between two reservoirs. The rod has a thermal conductivity of $$
Contained Gas Pressure and the Ideal Gas Law
Investigate the pressure exerted by a gas confined in a cylindrical container. Summarize how the Ide
Convection Currents Measurement Experiment Error
A student investigates convective heat transfer in a container of water by heating a plate at the bo
Convection Versus Conduction in Fluid Heating
In a laboratory experiment, two identical metal cylinders are heated on their sides. One cylinder co
Conversion between Energy and Work in Cyclic Processes
In a cyclic thermodynamic process, the system converts energy between heat and work. (a) Explain ho
Cyclic Heat Engine Efficiency and Work
A cyclic heat engine operates on a simplified cycle consisting of four segments: 1. Isothermal expa
Designing a Heat Engine for Maximum Efficiency
A researcher is designing an idealized Carnot heat engine operating between a high-temperature reser
Determining Heat Engine Efficiency
A cyclic heat engine operates with the following heat transfers during each cycle: it absorbs 1000 J
Determining Molecular Mass of a Gas via Ideal Gas Law Measurements: Experimental Design
The molecular mass of a gas can be determined by measuring its pressure, volume, temperature, and th
Effects of Volume Changes on Gas Pressure and Work in Isobaric Processes
In an isobaric process, a gas expands or contracts at constant pressure, doing work on or by the sur
Entropy Change in a Thermodynamic Cycle
During a cyclic process, an experiment measures the change in entropy during various stages. Analyze
Evaluating Heat Transfer Mechanisms in a Fluid System
A fluid heating system employs both convection and radiation to transfer heat from a furnace to an a
Experimental Analysis of Gas Kinetic Energy
In a set of experiments, Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution graphs were obtained at different temp
Experimental Design for Gas Effusion
Graham's law states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root
Experimental Verification of the Maxwell–Boltzmann Distribution in Gas Molecules
The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution predicts the speed distribution of molecules in a gas. Design an
Force on Container Lid from Confined Gas
A cylindrical container has a radius of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm. It contains 0.6 moles of an ide
Gas Pressure and Force on Container Lid
This problem examines the use of the Ideal Gas Law to determine the pressure exerted by a confined g
Gas Pressure in Constant Volume Experiment
In a constant-volume experiment, a sealed container is heated and the resulting pressure is measured
Heat Conduction Through Materials
Heat conduction in a material is governed by the equation $$\frac{Q}{\Delta t} = \frac{k * A * \Delt
Heat Engine Efficiency Analysis
A heat engine operates by drawing heat from a high-temperature source and rejecting part of it as ex
Heat Engine Efficiency and Energy Analysis
A heat engine operates between a high-temperature reservoir at $$T_H = 650\;K$$ and a low-temperatur
Influence of Molecular Mass on Gas Pressure and Speed
Two gases are each confined in identical rigid containers. Both contain the same number of molecules
Interpreting the Maxwell-Boltzmann Speed Distribution
Examine the provided Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution graph and answer the following questions.
Modes of Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
A copper rod of length $$L$$ and cross-sectional area $$A$$ experiences a temperature difference $$\
Net Force on a Container Lid
A cylindrical container has a lid that is subjected to internal gas pressure from below and atmosphe
Pressure Force in a Confined Gas
A cylindrical container of radius 15 cm and height 30 cm contains 0.6 mole of an ideal gas at 433 K.
Real Gases and Deviations from Ideal Behavior
Although the Ideal Gas Law is a good approximation for many systems, real gases deviate from this be
RMS Velocity and Temperature
The RMS (root-mean-square) velocity of molecules in an ideal gas is given by $$v_{rms} = \sqrt{\frac
Specific Heat Capacity Calorimetry Experiment Error
A student performs a calorimetry experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of a metal sampl
Statistical Interpretation of Gas Behavior
The kinetic theory of gases connects microscopic molecular behavior with macroscopic properties. Two
Temperature and Kinetic Energy Relations
This experiment investigates the relationship between temperature and the average kinetic energy of
Thermal Insulation Effectiveness Experiment Error
A student conducts an experiment to test the effectiveness of different insulation materials by meas
Thermodynamics and Mechanical Work in an Automobile Engine
An internal combustion engine converts the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical work. Consider th
Understanding Temperature Scales in Thermodynamic Calculations
A student records a room temperature of 25°C for an experiment.
Verification of RMS Speed Dependence on Temperature
An experiment measured the RMS speed of gas molecules at different temperatures, with the following
Work and Heat Transfer in Different Thermodynamic Paths
A gas transitions from an initial state 'a' to a final state 'b' via two different paths on a P–V di
Work Done Along Different Thermodynamic Paths
Consider a gas that changes state from a to b via two different paths. Path 1: An isobaric expansion
Balancing Forces in a Uniform Electric Field
In an experiment to study the balance between gravitational and electric forces, a charged object of
Charge Induction in Connected Conducting Spheres
In an induction experiment, two neutral conducting spheres are brought into contact while a charged
Charge Quantization and Conservation
A small, isolated conducting sphere is observed to carry a net charge of $$+3.2 \times 10^{-19}\,C$$
Charge Quantization in Isolated Systems
An isolated metal sphere is charged with a net charge of $$3.2*10^{-9}$$ C. (a) Calculate the numb
Charging by Induction: Analysis and Prediction
Two identical conducting spheres, initially uncharged, are placed on an insulating stand. A negative
Charging by Induction: Conductors vs. Insulators
A negatively charged rod is brought near two separate initially neutral spheres: one made of metal (
Comparative Analysis of Electrostatic and Gravitational Forces
Design an experiment to compare the magnitudes of electrostatic forces and gravitational forces betw
Comparative Analysis: Charging by Conduction vs. Induction
A metal sphere is charged using two distinct methods: conduction and induction. Compare the processe
Coulomb’s Law in Different Media
A study investigates how the presence of various media affects the force between two point charges,
Derivation of Potential Difference Between Concentric Equipotential Surfaces
The electric potential due to a point charge is given by $$V = \frac{k \times Q}{r}$$. Using this re
Deriving Capacitance from Physical Dimensions
A parallel-plate capacitor is constructed with a plate separation $$d$$ and plate area $$A$$ in vacu
Determining Coulomb's Constant Experiment
A researcher conducts an experiment to determine Coulomb's constant by suspending two small charged
Diagram Analysis: Electric Field Lines and Equipotentials in a Dipole
The following diagram represents an electric dipole configuration. It shows two charges located on t
Electric Dipole Field Analysis
A dipole is composed of two point charges, $$+Q$$ and $$-Q$$, each of magnitude $$4.0\;nC$$, separat
Electric Field and Potential of an Infinite Charged Sheet
A very large sheet has a uniform surface charge density σ = 5.0×10^-6 C/m². Answer the following: (a
Electric Field Mapping Using Discrete Data Points
A student conducts an experiment to measure the electric field around a set of point charges by firs
Electric Potential Due to a Point Charge
A point charge of $$+2.0*10^{-9}$$ C creates an electric potential in the surrounding space. (a) Ca
Electric Potential Variation in a Conical Capacitor
A non-standard capacitor is constructed with one plate conically shaped, leading to non-uniform sepa
Energy Storage in a Capacitor with a Dielectric
Consider a parallel-plate capacitor with vacuum between its plates given by the capacitance formula
Experimental Analysis of Charge Quantization
Design an experiment that demonstrates the quantization of electric charge using either the oil drop
Force and Potential Energy in the Hydrogen Atom
For a hydrogen atom, consider the proton and electron separated by a distance of 0.5×10^-10 m. Using
Influence of Medium Permittivity on Electrostatic Force
Design an experiment to measure the changes in the force between two fixed point charges when differ
Millikan Oil-Drop Experiment
This classic experiment aims to demonstrate the quantization of electric charge. Tiny oil droplets a
Motion of a Charged Particle in Combined Electric and Gravitational Fields
A charged particle has a mass of $$2.0*10^{-3}$$ kg and a charge of $$+1.0*10^{-6}$$ C. It is releas
Net Force on a Central Charge in a Square Configuration
Four equal positive point charges are placed at the vertices of a square with side length 10 cm, and
Parallel Plate Capacitor Experiment: Dielectric Misconception
An experiment is designed to measure the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor by arranging two
Potential Energy Change in a Non-Uniform Field
A test charge moves in the electric field of a fixed point charge. Using the concept of electric pot
Proton-Electron Force Comparison
This question examines the forces between a proton and an electron in a hydrogen atom and requires y
RC Circuit Capacitor Charging Analysis
An RC circuit containing a capacitor is studied as the capacitor charges from 0 V to its maximum vol
RC Discharge of a Capacitor
A capacitor charged to an initial potential of 100 V is connected in series with a resistor, forming
Series and Parallel Capacitor Network Analysis
A capacitor network is constructed by connecting capacitors in both series and parallel arrangements
Superposition in Electric Field Calculations
Three point charges are arranged along a straight line: q₁ = +2 μC is located at x = 0, q₂ = -3 μC a
Superposition of Electric Fields: Square Charge Configuration
Four identical positive point charges are fixed at the vertices of a square with side length 0.20 m.
Surface Charge Density and Electric Field Experiment
In an experiment, several large plates are charged to different surface charge densities, $$\sigma$$
Uniform Electric Field Balance Experiment
A large, positively charged horizontal plate produces a uniform electric field of magnitude $$E = 1.
Work Done in a Uniform Electric Field
A positive charge $$q$$ is moved through a distance $$d$$ in a uniform electric field $$E$$. Analyze
Analysis of a Circuit with Time-Dependent Current (Transient Response)
In an RC circuit, the current during the charging phase of a capacitor is given by $$I(t) = \frac{V}
Analysis of a Real Battery’s Performance in a Resistive Circuit
A real battery with an EMF of 9 V and an internal resistance of 0.5 Ω is connected to a load resisto
Analysis of a Simple Series Circuit
This FRQ examines a simple series circuit. Consider an ideal battery with an electromotive force (EM
Analyzing Energy Dissipation in Circuits with Multiple Components under Variable Loads
A study claims that by optimizing the configuration of resistor networks, overall energy dissipation
Analyzing Experimental Data on Capacitor Energy Storage
A claim is made that the energy stored in a capacitor is given by $$E = \frac{1}{2}CV^2$$. The study
Analyzing Power Efficiency in a Circuit with Multiple Loads
A circuit with multiple load components draws power from a battery. The following table presents mea
Analyzing Series RC Circuit Transient Behavior
A series RC circuit is set up with a resistor and a capacitor connected to a 12 V battery. Initially
Application of Kirchhoff’s Junction and Loop Rules
Consider a circuit where three branches intersect at a junction. Two branches carry currents $$I_1$$
Application of Kirchhoff’s Laws in Complex Circuits
Consider a circuit that has two branches: one branch contains a single resistor and the other branch
Assessing the Validity of the Simple Circuit Model Under High Load Conditions
A report claims that even under high current loads, a simple circuit model (using an ideal battery a
Battery Internal Resistance and Terminal Voltage
A battery can be modeled as an ideal EMF in series with an internal resistance. Consider a battery w
Capacitor Energy Storage and Discharge Efficiency
A capacitor with a capacitance of 10 μF is charged to 12 V and then discharged through a load. The t
Circuit Analysis: Series and Parallel Resistors
In an experiment, a circuit is assembled using a battery with voltage $$V$$ and a network of resisto
Design of an Experiment: Measuring Capacitance
Design an experiment to accurately measure the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor. Your desig
Designing a Resistor Network for Specific Equivalent Resistance
You are provided with resistors of values $$5 \Omega$$, $$10 \Omega$$, and $$15 \Omega$$. Design a r
Designing a Voltage Divider Circuit
Design a voltage divider that converts a 24 V supply to a 5 V output using two resistors in series.
Determining Effective Resistance in a Complex Series-Parallel Network
A student constructs a circuit consisting of four resistors arranged in a complex series-parallel co
Determining Resistivity from Measured Data
A student measures several parameters of a wire in order to calculate its resistivity.
Determining the Impact of Incorrect Ammeter Placement on Circuit Readings
A circuit is designed with a 12 V battery and a resistor of 10 Ω. An ammeter with an internal resist
Effect of Capacitance Variation on Steady-State Voltage
A capacitor is initially charged to $$15 \text{ V}$$. Two scenarios are considered when its physical
Effect of Resistor Arrangement on Circuit Current Distribution
A circuit consists of a 12 V battery connected to a resistor network featuring both series and paral
Effects of Series and Parallel Combinations on Circuit Functionality
An experimental setup features several combinations of resistors and capacitors arranged in both ser
Evaluating Conductance and its Relationship to Resistance
Electrical conductance, the reciprocal of resistance, is an important parameter in circuit analysis.
Experimental Determination of Resistor Resistance Using Ohm's Law
Devise a procedure to determine the resistance of an unknown resistor using a battery, an ammeter, a
Experimental Verification of Ohm’s Law
In a controlled laboratory experiment, students are required to verify Ohm's Law by constructing a b
Impact of Internal Resistance on Battery Terminal Voltage
A battery with an emf of $$12 \text{ V}$$ and an internal resistance of $$2 \Omega$$ is connected to
Impact of Temperature on Resistor Performance
A researcher investigates how the resistance of a metallic resistor changes as the temperature is in
Investigating Temperature Dependence of Resistance
Resistance in metallic conductors generally increases with temperature. Answer the following:
Investigating the Effect of Capacitor Dielectric Constant on Capacitance
In a laboratory experiment, capacitors are built using different dielectric materials. The capacitan
Kirchhoff’s Laws: Loop and Junction Analysis
An experiment was conducted on a multi-loop circuit to test Kirchhoff's loop and junction rules. The
Multi-Loop Circuit Analysis using Kirchhoff's Laws
Consider a circuit where a 15 V battery is connected in series with resistor $$R_1 = 50\,Ω$$. The ci
Multiple Energy Sources in a Complex Circuit
Consider a complex circuit composed of two branches connected in parallel. The details for each bran
Oscilloscope Analysis of Voltage Drops in a Circuit
An oscilloscope is used to measure the voltage drops across various components in a circuit consisti
Parallel Resistors and Junction Rule Application
A 12 V battery is connected to a network of three parallel resistors with values $$R_1 = 30\,Ω$$, $$
Quantitative Analysis of Voltage Drops in a Multi-Loop Circuit
A complex circuit is built with two loops sharing a common resistor. The circuit includes two 12 V b
RC Circuit Response and Steady State Behavior
Consider an RC circuit containing a battery, a resistor, a capacitor, and an additional resistor in
Resistor Network Analysis
A circuit consists of three resistors. Resistor $$R_1$$ has a resistance of $$100\,\Omega$$ and is c
Series Circuit Analysis and Ohm's Law Application
A battery of 9 V is connected in series with two resistors: one having a resistance of 100 Ω and the
Balancing Forces on a Current-Carrying U-Shaped Wire
In a laboratory experiment, a U-shaped wire is immersed in a region with a uniform magnetic field th
Calculating the Magnetic Field Around a Current-Carrying Wire
A long, straight wire carrying a steady current produces a magnetic field in the space around it. Us
Circular Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field
A particle with charge $$q = 0.1 C$$ and mass $$m = 0.02 kg$$ enters a uniform magnetic field $$B =
Critical Angle for Maximal Magnetic Force
A researcher investigates the dependence of the magnetic force on a charged particle with the equati
Data Analysis: Current vs. Magnetic Field Strength in a Solenoid
Analyze experimental data relating the current through a solenoid to the resulting magnetic field in
Dependence of Induced EMF on Rotation Rate
A circular loop rotates continuously in a uniform magnetic field, thereby inducing an emf that varie
Designing an Electromagnetic Induction Experiment
This FRQ requires designing an experiment to investigate how the speed of a sliding rod affects the
Determining Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge
A researcher sets up an experiment where a charged particle is projected horizontally into a region
Electromagnetic Induction in a Rotating Loop
A single circular loop with a radius of $$r = 0.1 \; m$$ is placed in a uniform magnetic field of st
Electromagnetic Induction in a Rotating Loop
A circular loop rotates in a uniform magnetic field, causing a time-varying magnetic flux and induce
Faraday’s Law and the Rotating Loop
A circular loop of radius 0.05 m rotates in a uniform magnetic field of 0.3 T. The loop rotates with
Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
A charged particle moves through a uniform magnetic field. Determine the magnetic force acting under
Graph Analysis: Magnetic Force vs. Velocity
An experiment investigates the relationship between the velocity of a charged particle and the magne
Induced Current in a Sliding Rod Circuit
This FRQ examines the induction of current in a circuit containing a sliding rod on rails and evalua
Induced EMF in a Rotating Rod
A conducting rod of length $$L = 0.4 m$$ rotates about one end in a uniform magnetic field $$B = 0.3
Induced EMF in a Rotating Square Loop Experiment
A laboratory experiment involves a square loop of wire that rotates at a constant angular speed in a
Interaction Between Bar Magnets
Two bar magnets are placed facing each other with like poles (both North) at a separation of $$d = 0
Investigating the Effect of Coil Turns on Induced EMF
An experiment is conducted using solenoids with different numbers of turns to study their effect on
Magnetic Dipoles: Bar Magnet and Current Loop
A researcher compares the magnetic field produced by a permanent bar magnet with that produced by a
Magnetic Field Lines Visualization
In this FRQ, you will explore the physical basis and representation of magnetic fields around a bar
Magnetic Flux Through a Rotating Loop
A circular loop of radius $$r = 0.03 \; m$$ is placed in a uniform magnetic field of strength $$B =
Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire
A current-carrying wire placed in a uniform magnetic field experiences a force. Analyze both the mag
Magnetic Force on a U-Shaped Current-Carrying Wire
A U-shaped conducting wire of mass $$m$$ is partially immersed in a uniform magnetic field of magnit
Mapping the Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire
Design an experiment to map the magnetic field produced by a long, straight current-carrying wire an
Measuring Magnetic Permeability Experiment
An experiment is designed to determine the magnetic permeability of a new material. A coil is wound
Motional EMF and Conductor Velocity
A lab simulation studies the effect of a conducting rod's velocity on the motional EMF generated whe
Motional EMF in a Moving Rod
A conducting rod of length $$L = 0.3 m$$ moves with a constant velocity of $$v = 2 m/s$$ along paral
Motional EMF in a Sliding Rod Experiment
In this experiment, a conducting rod is made to slide along parallel rails within a uniform magnetic
Testing Lenz's Law with a Falling Magnet Through a Coil
An experiment involves dropping a magnet through a coil and measuring the induced current. The claim
Time-Dependent Induced EMF in a Rotating Loop
Design an experiment to investigate how the induced emf in a rotating loop varies over time, particu
Torque on a Current Loop in a Magnetic Field
A rectangular current loop placed in a uniform magnetic field experiences a torque that tends to ali
Trajectory Analysis of a Charged Particle in a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field
A charged particle with charge $$q$$ and mass $$m$$ enters a region where the magnetic field varies
U-Shaped Wire in a Magnetic Field
A U-shaped wire is immersed in a uniform magnetic field. Analyze the forces on its different segment
Aperture Diffraction Analysis
A rectangular aperture with a width of $$0.5*10^{-3}$$ m and a height of $$1*10^{-3}$$ m is illumina
Calculating Lens Power from Image Magnification
An object is placed $$10 \text{ cm}$$ in front of a converging lens and produces a real image that i
Combined Mirror-Lens System Analysis
An optical system is constructed using a converging lens and a concave mirror arranged along a commo
Comprehensive Analysis of Optical Imaging Systems
Design an experiment that integrates lenses and mirrors to project an image onto a screen. This comp
Concave Mirror Image Analysis
An object of height $$h_o = 4 \ cm$$ is placed at a distance of $$d_o = 30 \ cm$$ in front of a conc
Concave Mirror Image Characteristics
Concave mirrors can produce images that are real or virtual depending on the object position. Analyz
Converging Lens and Image Formation
Converging lenses project real images through refraction. Analyze an optical scenario involving a co
Converging Lens Power Measurement: Magnification Error Analysis
A student uses a converging lens to form a real image of an object, records the object and image dis
Critical Angle Determination for Various Media
A researcher is studying critical angles when light passes from glass (with $$n=1.5$$) into differen
Diffraction Gratings
A diffraction grating with 5000 lines per centimeter is illuminated by monochromatic light of wavele
Diffraction Gratings and Wavelength Measurement
A diffraction grating with 5000 lines per centimeter is used in an experiment to measure the wavelen
Diverging Lens Experiment: Investigating Virtual Image Formation
Design a controlled experiment to study the image characteristics produced by a diverging lens. Your
Double-Slit Experiment Data Analysis with Table Stimulus
A researcher performs a double-slit experiment and records the intensity (in arbitrary units) at var
Effect of Medium on EM Wave Propagation: Frequency Invariance Error Analysis
A student investigates the propagation of electromagnetic waves through air with varying humidity le
Electromagnetic Spectrum and Frequency
Green light has a wavelength of 550 nm. Answer the following: (a) Calculate its frequency using $$v
EM Wave Generation and Field Relationships
An oscillating charge produces electromagnetic waves, characterized by oscillating electric and magn
Frequency Determination of Green Light: Speed of Light Misassumption
A student attempts to calculate the frequency of green light by measuring its wavelength with a spec
Lens Power Calculations and Image Magnification
In a converging lens experiment, an object placed 10 cm from the lens produces a real image that is
Measuring the Speed of Light in a Transparent Medium
A student hypothesizes that while the speed of light in a vacuum is constant ($$c = 3.0*10^{8}\, m/s
Optical Data Analysis from Spherical Mirror Measurements
An experiment is conducted where an object is placed at various distances from a concave mirror, and
Optical Instruments - Microscope Lens System
A compound microscope uses two converging lenses. The objective lens has a focal length of 0.8 cm, a
Optical Sensors in Environmental Monitoring
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Note Tips from Former AP Students
- Of course, make sure to run through College Board's past FRQ questions!
- Once you’re done with those go through all the questions in the AP Physics 2: Algebra-BasedFree Response Room. You can answer the question and have it grade you against the rubric so you know exactly where to improve.
- Reddit it also a great place to find AP free response questions that other students may have access to.