Unit 5: Impact of Computing — Effects, Access, and Ethics

Intended Effects

The problem the tool was designed to solve.

Unintended Effects

Outcomes that were not planned for by the creators, which can be beneficial or harmful.

Digital Divide

The gap between those who have access to computing devices and the internet and those who do not.

Algorithmic Bias

The reflection of biases of creators or biased data in computing systems.

Socioeconomic Status

A factor influencing access to computing, where lower-income individuals face restrictions due to costs.

Geographic Location

A factor influencing access, as rural areas often lack necessary infrastructure compared to urban areas.

Civic Participation

Involvement in community services and voting, which can be hindered by lack of internet access.

Homework Gap

The disparity where students without internet access at home fall behind their peers.

Diverse Teams

A strategy to reduce bias by including individuals from varied backgrounds in software development.

Crowdsourcing

Gathering data or feedback from a large, open cross-section of the public to ensure varied inputs.

Algorithmic Auditing

Regularly testing software against different demographic groups to ensure fairness.

Example of Intended Benefit

GPS was created to help people navigate locations accurately.

Example of Unintended Benefit

GPS data used by epidemiologists for contact tracing.

Example of Harmful Effect

Non-consensual tracking of individuals through GPS.

Rights to Technology

The notion that the internet can act as a 'great equalizer' requires widespread access for all.

Impacts of Automation

Increased efficiency and lesser danger for workers versus job displacement.

Impact on Education

Disparities in students' abilities to access research tools and complete assignments.

Privacy Concerns

Key issue with targeted advertising where users feel their data is commodified.

Bias in Data

The most common source of bias where AI learns from biased historical data.

Bias in Algorithm Design

When programmers inadvertently embed their biases into code logic.

Accessible Design

Software considerations that ensure inclusivity for users with disabilities.

Systemic Inequities

Disparities created in society due to unequal technology access.

Error Rates in Facial Recognition

Historically higher for people of color, leading to ethical concerns.

Cultural Impact of Technology

Changes in interaction and communication styles shaped by technology.

Legal/Ethical Considerations

Aspects involving privacy laws and liabilities for technology failures.

Economic Impact Analysis

Considering job creation or destruction and new market formation.