Identity Dynamics in Japanese Society

Keigo

The system of polite speech in Japanese that reflects social distance, intimacy, and hierarchy.

Sonkeigo

Respectful language used to elevate the listener in Japanese communication.

Kenjougo

Humble language used to lower oneself when speaking about one's actions.

Teineigo

Polite language that is the standard form used to maintain general politeness in Japanese.

Hyojungo

Standard Japanese that is taught in schools and used in media.

Hogen

Regional dialects in Japan that are vital to local identities.

Kansai-ben

A dialect spoken in Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe known for its humor and warmth.

Uchi

The in-group in Japanese culture, such as family and close friends.

Soto

The out-group in Japanese culture, including strangers and customers.

Honne

A person's true feelings and desires, usually shared only with the Uchi.

Tatemae

The behavior and opinions one displays in public to satisfy social expectations.

Giri

The burden of social obligation in Japanese culture.

Ninjo

Natural human feelings such as love and compassion.

Tan'itsu Minzoku

The stereotype of Japan as a homogeneous society.

Ainu

Indigenous people of Hokkaido with their own distinct language and culture.

Ryukyuans

Indigenous people of Okinawa and the Ryukyu Islands in Japan.

Zainichi Koreans

Long-term Korean residents in Japan who may maintain a distinct ethnic identity.

Nikkeijin

Descendants of Japanese emigrants who have returned to Japan for work.

Hafu

People of mixed Japanese and foreign heritage.

Gairaigo

Loanwords that are assimilated into the Japanese language, typically written in Katakana.

Wasei-Eigo

Japanese-made English words that don't exist in English.

Shakaijin

A term for a mature and educated adult in Japanese society.

Wa

The concept of harmony in Japanese culture, emphasizing social cohesion.

Code-Switching

The practice of switching between standard Japanese and regional dialects based on context.

Danseigo

Male speech markers in Japanese that emphasize assertiveness.

Joseigo

Female speech markers in Japanese that emphasize softness.

Okaeshi

The practice of returning favors or gifts in Japanese culture.

Oseibo

The custom of giving gifts in winter as part of social obligations.