AP Spanish Language and Culture: Global Challenges (Los Desafíos Mundiales)
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43 Terms
La Globalización
The connection of world economies that can create jobs but may threaten local traditions and exploit cheap labor.
El Comercio Justo
A movement aimed at helping producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions.
La Microfinanciación
Small loans provided to those in poverty who lack access to traditional banking, particularly important for women's empowerment.
La Tasa de Desempleo
Unemployment rate; in Spain, it has historically been high, especially among youth.
La Deuda Pública
High public debt that limits government spending on social welfare.
La Economía Informal
Undocumented work in Latin America, such as street vendors and unregistered labor.
La Fuga de Cerebros
Brain drain; educated professionals leaving their home countries for better opportunities abroad.
La Brecha Económica
Extreme income inequality between the rich and the poor.
El calentamiento global
Global warming; a critical environmental issue.
El efecto invernadero
Greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change.
La huella de carbono
Carbon footprint; a measure of human impact on the environment.
Los recursos renovables
Renewable resources like solar, wind, and hydro energy.
El desarrollo sostenible
Sustainable development that meets current needs without compromising future generations.
Desertificación
Desertification; a primary concern for Spain due to rising temperatures affecting agriculture.
El derretimiento de los glaciares
Melting of glaciers, critically impacting freshwater supplies.
Contaminación del aire
Air pollution; major cities face significant challenges with smog.
Escasez de agua
Water scarcity, particularly acute in regions suffering drought.
La deforestación
Deforestation, particularly linked to cattle ranching and agriculture in the Amazon.
Ecoturismo
Ecotourism; Costa Rica serves as a model for integrating economic growth with conservation.
Baja natalidad
Low birth rate; a demographic challenge in Spain.
Alta esperanza de vida
High life expectancy; contributes to the strain on pension systems in Spain.
Sobrepoblación
Overcrowding; an issue faced by large cities in Latin America.
Factores de empuje
Push factors that drive people from their homes, such as violence and lack of jobs.
Factores de atracción
Pull factors that attract migrants to other regions, such as safety and job opportunities.
Conciencia
Awareness of social issues, necessary for recognizing inequality.
Estructura
Systemic structure; understanding laws and systems that inherently create social problems.
Agencia
Agency or action; the power individuals have to enact change.
La brecha digital
Digital divide; inequality in access to quality education and technology.
ONGs
Non-governmental organizations that often provide resources and support for educational access.
Curanderos
Traditional healers in Latin America, part of the discussion on cultural medicine.
Violencia de género
Gender violence; a critical social issue needing awareness and action.
Ni Una Menos
A movement in Latin America focused on combating femicide.
Estadounidense
Correct term for a citizen of the United States; avoid using americano.
Se impersonal
Grammatical structure used in Spanish to avoid passive voice.
Subvencionar la energía renovable
To subsidize renewable energy; an example of a specific solution.
Conciencia social
Social conscience; foundational for understanding and addressing social issues.
Protocolos anticontaminación
Anti-pollution protocols to address air quality in major cities.
Fomento del transporte público
Promotion of public transport to reduce pollution.
Cultura del reciclaje
A culture of recycling; crucial for waste management and sustainability.
Voluntariado
Volunteering; an action demonstrating agency in social causes.
Becas
Government scholarships aimed at improving access to education.
Medios de comunicación
Media; plays a critical role in raising awareness of social issues.
Política pública
Public policy; necessary to address systemic challenges in society.
