AP CSP: Turning Raw Data into Knowledge

Computation

The use of computer algorithms to analyze large datasets and automate data processing.

Insight

Understanding gained from analyzing data, identifying trends, patterns, and correlations.

Iteration

The process of repeating a set of operations in programming to achieve a desired outcome.

Filter

To select a subset of data based on specific criteria.

Transform

To change data into a new format or structure.

Combine

To merge data from different sources for analysis.

Visualization

The graphical representation of data, such as charts and graphs, to aid understanding.

Tables

Data structures that organize information in rows and columns; ideal for precise lookups.

Scatter Plots

Graphs used to display the relationship between two variables, helpful for identifying correlations.

Histograms

Bar charts used to show the frequency distribution of data points.

Metadata

Data that provides information about other data, such as timestamps and file size.

Timestamps

Metadata information indicating when a file was created or modified.

Geolocation

Metadata that provides geographical information about where data was created.

File Information

Metadata describing the characteristics of a file, like format and resolution.

Authorship

Metadata regarding the creator or owner of a data file.

GIGO (Garbage In, Garbage Out)

The principle that poor quality input data will produce poor quality output results.

Inconsistent Formatting

Data shown in different formats that makes it difficult for programs to process.

Missing Values

Occasional gaps in data where information is absent, affecting calculations.

Duplicate Entries

The occurrence of the same data point appearing multiple times, skewing analysis results.

Invalid Data

Data entries that are illogical or fall outside acceptable parameters.

Standardizing formats

The process of ensuring all data adheres to a consistent format.

Cleaning Data

The process of removing errors and inconsistencies from a dataset prior to analysis.

Correlation

A statistical relationship between two variables that does not imply causation.

Causation

A relationship where one event causes another to occur.

Metadata Misunderstanding

Common misconception that altering content affects its metadata.

Bias in Data

The presence of systematic errors in data collection affecting the analysis.