Chapter 22 - The Elements in Nature and Industry

chemical affinity

The ________ for one of the three phases determined the distribution of the remaining elements (described below using just the new periodic table group numbers)

primordial atmosphere

The thin, ________, which was most likely a combination of water vapor (which gave rise to nitrogen (or ammonia) and carbon monoxide (to the seas) were generated by evaporation (the expulsion of trapped gases)

Si

Oxygen interacted with ________, Al, Mg, and some Fe in the light outer phase to create silicates, the rock material.

frequent meteor

The planet's temperature rose to about 104 degrees Celsius as a result of radioactive decay and ________ strikes.

Earth

________ was once a frigid, solid sphere of equally distributed ice.

crust

An element is found in the ________ and mantle but not in the core.

biological systems

The biosphere is made up of the ________ that inhabit it.

core

The ________, or iron phase, was formed by the majority of the Fe.

ocean basins

When the first rocks formed and ________ filled with water, binary inorganic molecules in the atmosphere reacted to produce simple, then more complex, organic molecules.

iron phase

During the ________, transition metals with lower melting points, as well as numerous metals and metalloids in Groups 11 through 16 were concentrated in the sulfide phasing.

dense elements

Gravity and convection led more dense elements to sink when the Earth was molten and less ________ to ascend, resulting in a variety of compositional phases:

core

The outer ________ is molten, and the inner ________ is solid and the size of the Moon.