Organizing a nation so that 2+ levels of government have formal authority over the same land/people. A system of shared power between units of government.
2
New cards
Unitary Government
Organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government.
3
New cards
Intergovernmental Relations
The workings of the federal system— the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments, including regulations, transfers of funds, and the sharing of information.
4
New cards
Supremacy Clause
In Article VI, the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws as long as the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.
5
New cards
10th Amendment
the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution
6
New cards
McCullouch vs. Maryland
Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state government. John Marshall held that Congress had certain powers in addition to powers enumerated in the Constitution.
7
New cards
Enumerated Powers
Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution.
8
New cards
Implied Powers
Powers of the federal government that go beyond the Constitution, of the statement that Congress has power to “make all laws necessary and proper for carrying out execution.”
9
New cards
Elastic Clause
The final paragraph of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which authorizes Congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers.
10
New cards
full faith and credit
A clause in Article IV of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of all other states.
11
New cards
extradition
A legal process whereby a state surrenders a person charged with a crime to the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed.
12
New cards
Privileges and Immunities
The provision of the Constitution according to the privileges of citizens of each state
13
New cards
dual federalism
Both of the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.
14
New cards
cooperative federalism
Powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government
15
New cards
devolution
Transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local governments.
16
New cards
Fiscal federalism
The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; cornerstone of the national government’s relationship with state and local governments.
17
New cards
categorical grants
Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes of state and local spending. Also includes strings; such as nondiscrimination provisions.
18
New cards
project grant
Federal categorical grant given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of the merits of applications.
19
New cards
formula grant
Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations.
20
New cards
block grant
Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services.