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Active Cognitive Training in Vital Elderly (ACTIVE)
first large-scale, randomized trial to show that cognitive training improves cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults up to 5 years
age-insensitive abilities
scores on tests that are relatively maintained into older adulthood
age-sensitive abilities
scores on tests that show age-related decline
capacity assessment
analysis of desired capacities against existing capacities which generates an understanding of capacity assets and needs that informs the formulation of a capacity development response
crystallized intelligence (Gc)
function of education, experience, and exposure to a specific cultural environment
disuse hypothesis of cognitive aging
skills and abilities get rusty when they are not used on a regular basis
encapsulation model
as individuals grow older, their knowledge becomes channeled (encapsulated) within specific areas (domains)
engagement hypothesis
participation in novel and challenging intellectual tasks will prevent decline in intellectual functioning
financial capacity
the ability to independently manage one's own financial affairs in a manner consistent with personal self-interest and values
fluid intelligence (Gf)
"raw" intelligence, meaning that it is largely a function of the integrity of the central nervous system and is relatively independent of social influences and culturally based learning experiences
flynn Effect
the possibility that the cognitive scores attained by a standardization sample tested recently are higher than scores earned by standardization sample tested at an earlier point in time
intelligence quotient (IQ)
a number representing a person's reasoning ability as compared to the statistical norm or average for their age
intraindividual variability
abilities can fluctuate within the same individual over various occasions
legal conservatorship
management of an incompetent person's estate and financial transactions
legal guardianship
care and protection by someone who is empowered to make decisions in the interest of the individual concerning everyday matters such as living arrangements, health care, and provision of other basic needs
mechanics of intelligence
include basic operations such as perceptual processing of sensory input, comparing and categorizing information, and carrying out basic memory functions
negative cohort trend
the present-day young adult cohort has less ability than an older cohort had when young
optimally exercised abilities
the ability a normal, healthy adult would demonstrate under the best conditions of training or practice
positive cohort trend
the present-day young adult cohort has a higher level of ability than an older adult cohort had back in their young adult years
pragmatics of intelligence
cultural exposure to facts and procedures that are maintained as one ages and are similar to crystallized intelligence
testing the limits
a strategy for investigating both the range and the limits of a person's cognitive capacity
unexercised abilities
the problem-solving ability a normal, healthy adult would exhibit without practice or training
white matter hyperintensities (WMH)
abnormal formations of myelin that appear as bright signals on DTI scans and reflect deterioration of the myelin
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