Chapter 16: Therapy

Hans Eysenck

________ summarized 24 studies of psychotherapy outcomes and found ⅔ those receiving psychotherapy for disorders not involving hallucinations or delusions improved markedly.

Psychoanalytic theory

________ emphasizes the power of childhood experiences to mold the adult.

power of attention

Reinforcing ________ or praise is sufficient, others require concrete rewards, such as food.

Carl Rogers

________ developed client- centered therapy.

Systematic Desensitization

________:** a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety- triggering stimuli.

popularity of support

The ________ groups- for the addicted, the bereaved, the divorced, or simply those seeking fellowship and growth- may reflect a longing for community and connectedness.

Rogers

________ encouraged therapists to foster acceptance, genuineness, and empathy.

Interpretation

________:** in psychoanalysis, the analysts noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.

Family therapists

________ tend to view families as systems, in which each persons actions trigger reactions from others.

Joseph Wolpe

________ refined Mary Cover Jones counterconditioning technique into the exposure therapies used today to try and change peoples reactions by repeatedly exposing them to stimuli that trigger unwanted reactions.

Conscious thoughts

________ are more important than the unconscious.

Virtual Reality

________ Exposure Therapy:** a counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.

humanistic perspective

The ________ emphasizes peoples innate potential for self- fulfillment.

Eclectic

________ Approach:** an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

immediate responsibility

The path to growth is taking ________ for ones feelings and actions, rather than uncovering hidden determinants.

Resistance

________:** in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety laden material.

Dialectical behavioral therapy

________ (DBT) helps change helps change harmful and even suicidal behavior patterns.

Aversive Conditioning

________:** associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

analyst of emotions

Transference:** in psychoanalysis, the patients transfer to the ________ linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

exposure therapy

Counterconditioning, such as with ________, pairs the trigger stimulus with a new response that is incompatible with fear.

placebo effect

The ________ is the healing power of positive expectations.

Psychodynamic therapists

________ aim to help people gain insight into unconscious dynamics that arise from their life experience.

frequent conflicts

Therapists frequently suggest group therapy for people experiencing ________ or whose behavior distresses others.

Freud

________ believed the patients free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences- and the therapists interpretations of them- released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self- insight.

cognitive therapies

The ________ assume that our thinking colors our feelings.

Psychoanalysis

________ was Freuds method of helping people to bring these repressed feelings into conscious awareness.

Cognitive behavioral therapy

________ (CBT) takes a combined approach to depression and other disorders.

Token Economy

________**: an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for privileges or treats.

Aversive conditioning

________ creates a negative (aversive) response to a harmful stimulus (such as alcohol)

Carl Rogers

Unconditional Positive Regard:** a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which ________ believed would help clients develop self- awareness and self acceptance.

Cognitive therapies

________ aim to help people change their mind with new, more constructive ways of perceiving and interpreting events.