Chapter 6: Cell Communication

chemical reaction

A(n) ________ can be initiated by the other end of the protein.

nerve impulse

What is caused by a change in the action potential? Answer with a single words or term.

Cortisol

________ binding to an intracellular receptor is what happens after crossing the membrane.

Steroids

What are non- polar molecules that can travel through the plasma membrane? Answer with a single words or term.

Negative feedback mechanisms

________ shut down the release of hormones into the blood.

conformational change

A(n) ________ occurs as a result of the binding of the ligand to the GPCR.

second messengers

What are activated by a GPCR? Answer with a single words or term.

Diagrams

________ can be used to supplement your answers, but a(n) ________ alone is not adequate.

ion passage

What is blocked by a channel blocker when the messenger ligand is broken down, or the binding site is blocked by an allosteric ligand? Answer with a single words or term.

Multiple processes

________ can be coordinated to produce a single response.

Muscle contraction

What is stimulated in a similar way? Answer with a single words or term.

Paracrine signals

What are released during early animal development? Answer with a single words or term.

Paracrine

________ signaling occurs among nearby cells, while endocrine signaling occurs for cells separated by large distances.

transcription factor

What is activated when the MAK cascade is initiated? Answer with a single words or term.

reaction

What is the beginning of the next step in the cascade? Answer with a single words or term.

cell division

Normally, ________ is highly regulated, with multiple checkpoints during a cell cycle to ensure that the process is progressing correctly.

typical GPCR

A(n) ________ stimulates a single pathway that leads to a specific cellular response.

Gene expression

________ may be regulated by other proteins.

Growth factors

________ can cause the activation of atrypsinogen.