Advanced Control Structures: Selection, Iteration, and Analysis

Algorithm

A precise sequence of instructions implemented to solve a specific task using programming languages.

Selection

The process of making decisions in programming to choose which code block to run based on certain conditions.

Iteration

The repetition of a process or set of instructions in programming.

Modulus Operator (%)

An operator that returns the remainder of the division of one number by another.

Even Check

A condition to check if a number is even: if (num % 2 == 0).

Odd Check

A condition to check if a number is odd: if (num % 2 != 0).

Multiple Check

A condition to determine if a number is a multiple of another number: if (num % k == 0).

Integer.MIN_VALUE

A constant in Java representing the smallest possible integer value.

Integer.MAX_VALUE

A constant in Java representing the largest possible integer value.

Accumulator

A variable that keeps a running total by adding values from a dataset.

Counter

A variable that increments by one each time a specified condition is met.

String Traversal

Iterating through a string to analyze or manipulate its characters.

charAt(int index)

A method in Java that returns the character at a specified index in a string.

substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex)

A method that returns the substring from the specified begin index to end index (exclusive) in a string.

Trace Table

A grid used to track the values of variables during the execution of a program.

Nested Loops

A loop structure where one loop is placed within another, causing the inner loop to execute multiple times for each iteration of the outer loop.

Off-By-One Error

A common programming mistake tied to loop boundaries, where the last valid index is miscalculated.

Infinite Loop

A loop that continues indefinitely because its terminating condition is never satisfied.

System.out.print

A method that prints output to the console without adding a new line.

System.out.println

A method that prints output to the console and adds a new line after printing.

String Comparison

The process of checking if two strings are equal, which should be done using .equals() instead of ==.

Integer Division

The result of dividing two integers, which truncates the decimal portion and returns an integer result.

Digit Extraction

An algorithmic process to analyze each digit of an integer by repeatedly using the modulus and division operations.

Reversing a String

An algorithm that constructs a new string from the original string by iterating through it in reverse order.

Finding Minimum/Maximum Values

An algorithm to determine the lowest or highest value in a sequence of numbers.

Counting Occurrences

An algorithm to determine how many times a specific character appears in a string.

Predicting Output

The process of anticipating the output of a program by analyzing its logic and control structures.