Studied by 2 people
French/Huron and Shawnee tribes
Allied during the French and Indian War (on France's side)
English/Iroquois tribes
Allied during the French and Indian War (on Britain's side)
George Washington
Leader of the Continental Army who became the first president of the United States, VA delegate
Fort Duquesne
French fort on the Ohio river that was the site of the first major conflict of the French and Indian war, George Washington attempted to attack this fort but failed
Edward Braddock
British general who accompanied George Washington on his trip to take Fort Duquesne, was killed in this battle
Albany Congress/Albany Plan of Union
A congress that served to unite the colonies (and the Iroquois Confederacy) against the French, JOIN or DIE cartoon by Ben Franklin
Seven Years' War/French and Indian War
War fought in the colonies from 1754 to 1763 between the British and the French, first war started IN THE COLONIES that spread back to Europe (rather than vice versa), Britain wins (Treaty of Versailles) but is left in serious debt
Treaty of Paris
1763 Treaty that ended the French and Indian war and granted Britain all of the land in America west of the Appalachians that the French used to occupy - British also gained a LOT of new responsibility!
Acadians/Cajuns
French colonists in Nova Scotia that were expelled from their homes by the victorious British and were moved to Louisiana where they formed a new culture
Pontiac's Rebellion
1763 Indian uprising after the French and Indian War from the Ottawa tribe, first use of CHEMICAL WARFARE where the British gave the Indians smallpox infested blankets
Proclamation of 1763
Britain stated that colonists could not move to land past the Appalachian mountains in order to avoid conflict with the Indians and the additional costs for protecting the British against them
Vice-Admiralty Courts
British royal courts without juries that tried people accused of smuggling - if the defendant is found guilty, the judge gets a cut of their belongings, so there is an INCENTIVE to convict colonists
Writs of Assistance
Gave customs officials the right to search colonist's houses at any moment without probable cause - General Search Warrants
Sugar Act
Laws passed by Parliament taxing sugar and molasses that was imported to the colonies
Stamp Act
1765 Tax on all printed goods, like newspapers, letters, etc. that angered EDUCATED ELITES (people who would print documents) and was led by Grenville
External Tax/Regulate Commerce
These are INDIRECT taxes payed by merchants, they are not directly seen on the price of a good payed by the consumer
Internal Tax/Raise Revenue
These are DIRECT taxes payed by consumers for the sole purpose of making money (in this case to pay off debt from the French and Indian War), like a sales tax
Virtual Representation
British (Grenville's) governmental theory/response to pushback about taxation without representation which stated that Parliament would serve the best interest of the colonists even without them having a direct representative
Patrick Henry
Leader of the American Revolution who spoke out against British rule in the colonies (Give me liberty or give me DEATH!)
Loyal Nine
Group of Boston merchants and artisans that forced in opposition to the Stamp Act, tormented stamp distributors and tax collectors - eventually evolved into the larger group the Sons of Liberty
Sons of Liberty
A radical political organization that formed in 1765 in response to the stamp act that fought for more colonial independence - incited riots and were known for the tarring and feathering of stamp/tax collectors - Samuel Adams and Paul Revere were part of this group
Stamp Act Congress
An assembly held in NY to protest the Stamp Act, was the FIRST MAJOR COORDINATED ACTION AGAINST THE BRITISH BY COLONISTS!
Declaratory Act
1766 after Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, this act was passed at the same time and basically stated that Britain could do/tax whatever they wanted to, and that they only repealed the Stamp Act through their own choice
John Locke
British enlightenment philosopher who emphasized natural rights, popular sovereignty, and greatly influenced Thomas Jefferson in his writing of the Declaration of Independence
Republican Government
Representative political system (democracy) where power was in the hands of the voters and is exercised by elected officials
Samuel Adams
American revolutionary leader and one of the founders of the Sons of Liberty - organized the Boston Tea Party
Clergy and Protest
Priests gave speeches on the natural rights and other Enlightenment ideals to encourage participation in the fight for liberty in America
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
Series of 12 letters written by John Dickinson in response to the Townshed Acts - Encouraged colonists to oppose the new taxes and for Britain to repeal them
John Dickinson
Protested the Townshed Acts and wrote the "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania"
Spinning Bee/Club
Local women who gathered at their houses to spin the clothes that they were boycotting purchasing from Britain - discussed their political beliefs during these sessions
Committees of Correspondence
Organized by Samuel Adams, groups of elites from each colony wrote each other letters periodically with updates on their protests for liberty/against the crown
Coercive/Intolerable Acts
1774 acts passed by Parliament in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party - Port Bill closes Boston Harbor - MA Gov't Act revokes MA's charter - Murder Act says that British officers will be brought to Britain for trials of their crimes - *Quartering Act says that citizens must house soldiers in their homes if necessary, feeding and sheltering them - Quebec Act allowed Catholicism to be the religion of New France
1st Continental Congress
September 1774 in Pennsylvania, all colonies (except GA) were present - decided to all IGNORE the coercive/intolerable acts, boycott British goods, and write a letter to the king - FIRST GOVERNMENT OF AMERICA!
Boston Massacre
1770 Clash between 12 stationed British soldiers and drunk colonists, after the angry mob escalates and someone unknown yells "FIRE!", the smoke clears and 5 colonial citizens are dead - the soldiers are tried for their crimes but get of with almost no consequences (thanks to their defense attorney John Adams) - FIRST BLOODSHED of the American revolution
Crispus Attucks
A free black man who was the first person killed in the Boston Massacre
Regulators
Angsty vigilante group active in Western NC, violently protested the new taxes and acts
Lord Dunmore's War
War between Virginians and Indians in 1774, the colonists won - Virginia gained rights to the lands south of the Ohio river in exchange for its norther claims
Green Mountain Boys
Angsty group of Vermont soldiers who captured Fort Ticonderoga and fought the Indians
Tea Act
1773 act which enacted tea tariffs and allowed the East India Company to sell tea straight to the colonists, not through merchants (without tax process)
Lexington and Concord
1775 fighting between the MA and British soldiers that is considered the FIRST SHOTS of the American revolution
2nd Continental Congress
May 1775 Another assembly where an ADDITIONAL LETTER was sent to the king, voted to get all colonies involved in the war, to ally with France, and made George Washington Commander in chief
Olive Branch Petition
July 1775, A piece offering/petition to the king - Stresses colonial loyalty to the king, demands a ceasefire, asks to repeal the coercive/intolerable acts, negotiates colonists rights as British citizens - at the same time, the Continental Army is formed in case their peace offer is not accepted and they go into war
Common Sense
A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that says the monarchy is OUTDATED, DANGEROUS to liberty, and INAPPROPRIATE to colonists
Thomas Paine
Author of Common Sense - which became extremely popular among colonists
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