Unit 4 Review: Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Magnetism

A fundamental force arising from the motion of electric charges.

Magnetic Field (B)

A field generated by moving charges or intrinsic magnetic moments.

Dipoles

Magnets always exist as dipoles with a North (N) and South (S) pole.

North Pole

The end of a magnet that is attracted to the Earth's geographic north.

South Pole

The end of a magnet that is attracted to the Earth's geographic south.

Magnetic Field Lines

Lines used to visualize the magnetic field, indicating field strength and direction.

Tesla (T)

The SI unit for magnetic field strength.

Gauss (G)

A non-SI unit of magnetic field strength; 1 T = 10,000 G.

Right-Hand Rule (RHR)

A method to determine the direction of magnetic force on a positive charge.

Magnetic Force (F_M)

The force experienced by a charge moving in a magnetic field.

Force Formula

F_M = |q|vBsin(θ), where θ is the angle between velocity and magnetic field.

Perpendicular Motion

In a magnetic field, motion is always perpendicular to the magnetic force.

Centripetal Force

A force that keeps an object moving in a circular path, provided by the magnetic force.

Helical Path

The spiral trajectory a charged particle follows when entering a magnetic field at an angle.

Current (I)

The flow of electric charge in a wire.

Force on Wire Formula

F_M = ILBsin(θ), where I is the current and L is the length of wire in the field.

Magnetic Interaction

Current-carrying wires exert forces on each other based on their direction of current.

Parallel Wires Attraction

Wires with currents flowing in the same direction attract each other.

Parallel Wires Repulsion

Wires with currents flowing in opposite directions repel each other.

Vector Notation

Standard symbols used to indicate the direction of vectors in 3D magnetic problems.

Work Done by Magnetic Force

Zero; magnetic force does not increase speed as it is always perpendicular to motion.

Angle (θ) Importance

The angle between the velocity and magnetic field affects the magnitude of magnetic force.

Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction; forces between wires are pairs.

High-Radius Relationship

Heavier particles or faster speeds lead to larger radii in magnetic paths.

Magnetic Field Direction

Whether a charge accelerates along E-field lines or perpendicularly due to B-fields.

Magnetic Monopoles

Isolated North or South poles have never been observed; magnets always form dipoles.