chemistry exam 2

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28 Terms

1

ether

oxygen with 2 R groups (no carbonyl)

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2

amide

one side R and one side N attached to carbonyl

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3

ester

one side R and one side OR attached to carbonyl

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4

carboxylic acid

one side R and one side OH attached to carbonyl

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5

naming a carboxylic acid

  1. replace e with oic acid. if 2 carboxyl groups, dioic is used

  2. carbonyl carbon is #1

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6

CH3CO2H

ethanoic acid (acetic acid)

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7

HCO2H

methanoic acid (formic acid)

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8

naming aldehydes

  1. change e ending to al

  2. carbonyl carbon is always #1

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9

naming ketones

  1. replace e end with one

  2. carbonyl carbon is numbered from lowest side

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10

alpha carbon always bears the

functional group

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11

ketones have carbonyls on the

inside

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12

aldehydes have carbonyls on

outside

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13

aldehydes are oxidized to

carboxylic acids

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14

ketones cannot be

oxidized

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15

oxidation

adding oxygen or removing hydrogen

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16

reduction

removing oxygen or adding hydrogen

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17

reduction of aldehydes and ketones produce

alcohols

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18

aldehydes are reduced to

primary alcohols

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19

ketones are reduced to

secondary alcohols

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20

aldehyde

one side hydrogen and one side R group attached to carbonyl

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21

ketone

two R groups attached to carbonyl

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22

4- carbons

butanedioic acid (succinic acid)

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23

3- carbons

propanedioic acid (malonic acid)

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24

2- carbons

ethanedioic acid (oxalic acid)

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25

6- carbons

hexanedioic acid (adipic acid)

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26

7- carbons

heptanedioic acid (pimelic acid)

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27

5- carbons

pentanedioic acid (glutaric acid)

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28

benzoic acid

carbonyl group with hydrogen on one side and benzene on the other side

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