Chapter 20 - Seizing an American Empire (1865-1913)

Senator George Frisbie Hoar

________ led the opposition to the annexation of the Philippines.

Pancho Villa

In 1916, rebel leader ________ launched raids into Texas and New Mexico in a deliberate attempt to trigger U.S. intervention.

John Fiske

________, a Harvard historian, proclaimed the superior character of "Anglo- Saxon "institutions and peoples.

Dominican Republic

In 1904, a crisis over the debts of the ________ prompted Roosevelt to send two warships to the island nation and issue what came to be known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: the principle, in short, that in certain circumstances, the United States was justified in intervening in Latin American nations to prevent Europeans from doing so.

Andrew Carnegie

________ footed the bills for the League and even offered $ 20 million to buy independence for the Filipinos.

Theodore Roosevelt

________, the thirty- nine- year- old assistant secretary of the navy, called the sinking "an act of dirty treachery "and told a friend that he "would give anything if President McKinley would order the fleet to Havana tomorrow ..

Foraker Act

On April 12, 1900, the ________ established a government on the island, and its residents were declared citizens of Puerto Rico; they were not made citizens of the United States until 1917.

Bidlack Treaty

The ________ (1846) with Colombia (then called New Granada) guaranteed Colombias control over Panama.

US troops

The effort to crush Filipino nationalism lasted three years and involved some 126, 000 ________, four times as many as had been sent to liberate Cuba.

McKinley

On April 11, ________ asked Congress for authority to use the armed forces to end the fighting in Cuba.

Roosevelt

On November 13, the ________ administration received its first ambassador from the newly independent Panama: Bunau- Varilla, who eagerly signed a treaty that extended the Canal Zone from six to ten miles wide.

four month War

During the ________ of 1898, more than 60, 000 Spanish soldiers and sailors died of wounds or disease- mostly malaria, typhoid, dysentery, or yellow fever.

1866

In ________, Secretary of State William H. Seward had predicted that the United States must inevitably impose its economic domination "on the Pacific Ocean, and its islands and continents ..

Spain

The war with ________ lasted only 114 days, but it set the United States on a course toward overseas imperialism that would transform Americas role in the world.

1917

In ________, the Jones Act affirmed Americas intention to grant the Philippines independence, but that would not happen until 1946.

Maine

On January 25, the U.S. battleship ________ docked in Havana, the Cuban capital, supposedly on a courtesy call.

Clayton Bulwer Treaty

In the ________ (1850), the British had agreed to acquire no more Central American territory, and the United States joined them in agreeing to build or fortify a canal only by mutual consent.

President Grover Cleveland

At the outset of the Cuban War for Independence, ________ tried to protect U.S. business interests while avoiding military involvement.

Reverend Josiah Strong

In 1885, the ________ wrote a best- selling book titled Our Country in which he used a Darwinian argument to strengthen the appeal of manifest destiny.

principle of equal trading rights

The ________ represented by the Open Door policy was tested in 1904 when the long- standing rivalry between Russia and Japan flared into the Russo- Japanese war over Japans attempts to expand its influence in China and Korea.

William Howard Taft

On July 4, 1901, the U.S. military government in the Philippines came to an end, and ________ became the civil governor.

Theodore Roosevelts theft of the Panama Canal Zone

________ created ill will throughout Latin America that would last for generations.

1915

In ________, when the Dominican Republic refused to sign a treaty that would have given the United States a "special "role in governing the island nation, Wilson sent U.S. Marines, who established a military government and fought a nasty guerrilla war against anti- American rebels.

Wilson

________ argued that the United States must intervene to stabilize weak governments in the Western Hemisphere to keep European nations from doing so.

peace conference

A(n) ________ in Berlin in 1889 established a protectorate over Samoa, with Germany, Great Britain, and the United States in an uneasy partnership.

Anti expansionists

________ argued that taking control of former Spanish colonies would violate the longstanding American principle embodied in the Constitution that people should be self- governing.

Russia

In the Treaty of Portsmouth, signed on September 5, 1905, ________ acknowledged Japans "predominant political, military, and economic interests in Korea ..

Mexico

The use of military force in ________ played out like many previous American interventions in the Caribbean and Central America.

Hawaii

In 1875, ________ had signed a reciprocal trade agreement with the United States through which Hawaiian sugar would enter the country duty- free in exchange for Hawaiis promise that none of its territories would be leased or granted to a third power.

President McKinley

On September 6, 1901, ________ was shaking hands at the Pan- American Exposition in Buffalo, New York, when a twenty- eight- year- old unemployed laborer named Leon Czolgosz (pronounced chol- GOTS), an anarchist who did not believe in governments or rulers, approached him with a concealed gun and fired twice at point- blank range.

Dewey

________ arrived in Manila Bay on April 30 with six modern warships, which quickly destroyed or captured the outdated Spanish vessels there.

Republican William Howard Taft

________, who succeeded Roosevelt as president in 1909, continued to promote Americas economic interests abroad, practicing what Roosevelt called "dollar diplomacy ..

Cuba

As one of Spains oldest colonies, ________ was a major market for Spanish goods.

Manifest destiny

________ also took on racial meaning; many Americans agreed with future president Theodore Roosevelt that the United States needed to expand "on behalf of the destiny of the / [Anglo- Saxon]/race ..

annexation of Hawaii

The ________ set in motion a series of efforts to create an American presence in Asia.

Cuban

During what became the ________ War for Independence (1895- 1898), tens of thousands of Cuban peasants died of combat wounds as well as disease and starvation in Spanish detention camps.

Fists of Righteous Harmony

A new Asian crisis arose in 1900 when a group of Chinese nationalists known to the Western world as Boxers- they called themselves the "________- "rebelled against foreign involvement in China, especially Christian missionary efforts, and laid siege to foreign embassies in Peking (now known as Beijing)

problem of widespread disease

The ________ prompted the work of Dr. Walter Reed, who made an outstanding contribution to health in tropical regions around the world.

Taft

________ used the State Department to help American companies and banks invest in foreign countries, especially East Asia and the less developed nations of Latin America and the Caribbean.

US Senate

The ________ ratified the Hay- Herrán Treaty in 1903, but the Colombian Senate held out for $ 25 million.

entire US Army

At the start of the war, the Spanish army in Cuba was five times as large as the ________.

President Benjamin Harrison

________ sent an annexation treaty to the Senate just as he was leaving the presidency.

Alaska

In 1867, the United States bought ________ for $ 7.2 million, thus removing the threat of Russian imperialism in North America.

Roosevelt

In 1899, ________ argued that the United States, as a "great civilized power, "needed to take control of other regions of the world to bring "law, order, and righteousness "to "backward peoples ..

Theodore Roosevelt

________ was convinced that "nobody was seriously damaged "by the "water cure, "whereas "Filipinos had inflicted terrible tortures upon our own people ..

McKinley

On September 14, 1901, ________ died, and Theodore Roosevelt was elevated to the White House.

President McKinley

________ called for 125, 000 volunteers to supplement the 28, 000 men already serving in the U.S. Army.

Roosevelt

________ called warfare the best way to promote "the clear instinct for race selfishness "and insisted that "the most ultimately righteous of all wars is a war with savages ..

Theodore Roosevelt

________, his vice president, became the new president and soon launched a new era in national development.

Roosevelt

________ and others believed that the world was made up of "civilized "societies, such as the United States, Japan, and the nations of Europe, and those they described as "barbarous, ""backward, "or "impotent ..