History

civilizations

The U.S. often looks to the Greek and Roman _________ as early democracies. = a society that is well organized and developed

agricultural

The southern U.S. states were largely ________ in the 1700s and 1800s. = relating to farming or farmers

ruins

We visited some ancient Native American _________ in New Mexico. = the parts of buildings that are left after the rest has been destroyed

evidence

Historians look at many primary sources such as maps, letters, and legal documents as __________ of what really happened. = facts or materials that show clearly that something existed or was true

monarchy

The British _______ was very powerful in the 18th and 19th centuries. = the system in which a country is ruled by a king or queen

ruled

King George _________ England during the time of the Revolutionary War. = to be in power and control a country or area

peasant

There were many _______ in the village. = a poor farmer who owns or rents a small amount of land, either in past times or in poor countries

nobility

The _______ owned most of the land. = people in a high social class who have titles such as 'duke' or 'dutchess'

feudal

There were many ______ societies in Europe in the 1400s and 1500s. = a system where poor peasants worked for and were controlled by a lord when

industrialization

There was a lot of ________ in the late 1800s in the U.S. = changing society so that people things with large factories and machines

invaded

Germany ________ France and Poland during WWII. = when a military force enters a country, town, or area in order to take control of it

border

To cross the ________, you need a passport. = the official line that separates two countries, states, or areas, or the area close to this line

military

German _______ power was strictly controlled after WWII. = relating to the army, navy, or air force

navy

The British _______ was very powerful in the 1700s and 1800s. = the part of a country's military forces that fights at sea

army

The Union ______ stayed in the South for 10 years after the Civil War. = a large organized group of people trained to fight on land in a war

dictator

Hitler was a brutal _________. = a ruler who has complete power over a country, especially one whose power has been gained by force

spread

The news about the Boston Massacre ________ all over the colonies. = when something like information moves all over an area and affects many people

immigrated

Many people __________ to the U.S. in the late 1800s and early 1900s. = come to a new country to live

revolution

The American __________ started in 1776. = a time when people change a ruler or political system by using force or violence

rebels

The ________ fought for their freedom from Britain. = people who fight against the government because they want to change it.

attack

The _______ on Pearl Harbor during WWII happened on Dec. 7th, 1941. = the act of using weapons against an enemy in a war

conflict

There was a _______ between the northern and southern states over slavery. = when two or more people, groups, countries etc disagree about something; can also be a kind of fight

treaties

The U.S. government signed many ________ with Native American tribes but then later broke them. = a formal written agreement between two or more countries or groups of people

invention

The ______ of the cotton gin in 1793 made it easier to process cotton and increased the demand for slaves = something new that is made, designed, or created.

revolts

There were many slave _______ in the U.S. = when people fight against the government or system; rebellions

refugees

There were many ________ escaping Nazi Germany in the 1930's. = people who are forced to leave their country, especially during a war, or for political or religious reasons

battle

There was a big _________ between the North and South at Gettysburg during the Civil War. = a fight between two armies, ships, etc, especially one that is part of a larger war

empire

The British ________ was very powerful in the 1700s. = a group of countries that are all controlled by one ruler or government

century

The computer revolution started in the 20th ________. = one of the 100-year periods measured from before or after the year of Christ's birth

millenium

People have been living in that area for over a ___________. = a period of 1,000 years

decade

The 1960s were a very turbulent ________. = a period of 10 years (Note: turbulent = a situation or period of time is one in which there are a lot of sudden changes)

alliance

France and the U.S. formed an __________ during the Revolutionary War against England. = when two or more countries, groups etc agree to work together to try to change or achieve something

defend

Native Americans tried to _________ themselves, but the Europeans had superior weapons and also brought new diseases. = to do something to protect someone or something from being attacked

timeline

The teacher drew a ________ on the board. = a line showing the order in which events happened

defeated

The British army was _______ at Yorktown in the Revolutionary War in 1781. = to lose a battle or fight

destroyed

The San Francisco earthquake in 1906 _______ much of the city. = to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or cannot be used

conquered

The Spanish ________ the Aztecs and Mayans in the 1500s. = the act of getting control of a country by fighting and killing people

trade

There was a lot of _______ between Europe, Africa, and the U.S. in the 1700s and 1800s = the activity of buying, selling, or exchanging goods within a country or between countries

merchants

There were many ________ in big cities like New York. = an old word that means people who buy and sell goods in large quantities

protests

There were many ________ against the Vietnam War in the 1960s. = when people have large public meetings to show that they think something is wrong or unfair.

overthrow

They were trying to ________ the government. = to remove a leader or government from power, especially by force

depression

There was a big economic ________ in the 1930's. = a long period during which there is very little business activity and a lot of people do not have jobs

expanded

The U.S. ________ toward the west in the 1800s. = to become larger in size, number, or amount

assassinated

President Lincoln was _________ in 1865 by John Wilkes Booth. = when an important person is murdered.

routes

There were many trade __________ between Europe and the New World. = a way from one place to another

fascist

The Nazi government in WWII was ________. = a right-wing political system in which people's lives are completely controlled by the state and no political opposition is allowed

democracy

The U.S. is a _________. = a system of government in which every citizen in the country can vote to elect its government officials

regime

The Khmer Rouge was a brutal ________ in Cambodia that killed millions of people in the 1970s. = a government, especially one that was not elected fairly and treats its citizens in a bad way.

declared

The U.S. __________ independence from England in 1776. = to officially and publicly say something exists or is true

slaves

Millions of African people were brought to the New World as ________ between 1525 and 1866. = people who are owned by others, have no rights, and are forced to work for no money

indentured

Many early Americans came over as ________ workers. = someone who must work for an employer for a long period of time, under a contract, usually for very low wages

fled

Many Jewish people ________ Europe when the Nazis took power. = to leave somewhere very quickly, in order to escape from danger

Holocaust

Many of his relatives died in the ________. = the killing of millions of Jews and other people by the Nazis during the Second World War

territory

Puerto Rico is not a state. It is a U.S. _______. = land that is owned or controlled by a country but is not officially part of the that country.

abolished

Slavery in the U.S. was _________ in 1865 by the 13th amendment. = to officially end a law or system.

period

The _______ between 1920 and 1933 is known as Prohibition and alcohol was illegal. = a length of time

explorer

Columbus was an _________ who was looking for a route to Asia. = someone who travels through an unknown area to find out about it

settlers

The first ________ in North America landed in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. = someone who goes to live in a country or area where not many people like them have lived before; similar to immigrant

colonies

Before the U.S. became independent in 1776, it was 13 British _________. = a country or area that is under the political control of a more powerful country, usually one that is far away

migrated

The first Americans _________ from Asia about 30,000 years ago. = when large numbers of people go to live in another area

factors

There were several _______ that led to the increase in immigration in the 1800s in the U.S. = things that influence or cause a situation

famine

There was a big potato _________ in Ireland in the mid-1800s. = when many people have little or no food for a long time and many people die

struggled

Recent immigrants _________ to get enough money to survive. = to try extremely hard to achieve something, even though it is very difficult

right

Women got the ________ to vote in the U.S. in 1920. = something that you are morally, legally, or officially allowed to do or have

segregation

_____________ was legal in the U.S. until the 1960s. = when people of different races, sexes, or religions are kept apart so that they live, work, or study separately

secede

The South tried to _______ from the U.S. in the 1860s. = when part of a country tries to officially stops being part of it and becomes independent

Puritans

The ________ came to the New World in the 1600s to find religious freedom. = a type of Protestant Christian that wanted to simplify the English churches.

reservations

The American government created _________ for Native Americans. = land that was put aside for Native American to live; usually the land was quite poor

labor unions

___________ formed in the late 1800s to fight for workers' rights and better pay. (2 words) = an organization that represents workers especially in meetings with employers

socialist

Some European countries have ________ governments. = an economic and political system in which large industries are owned by the government, and taxes are used to take some wealth away from richer citizens and give it to poorer citizens

communist

The Soviet Union was a ________ country, but collapsed in 1991. = a political system in which the government controls the production of all food and goods, and there is no privately owned property

capitalist

The U.S. is a _________ country. = an economic and political system in which businesses belong mostly to private owners, not to the government