Bio Final Study Guide (NOT FINISHED)

Centrosomes

________- structures that form the mitotic spindle (the spindle fibers that allow cell division to occur)

Interphase

________- the part of the cell cycle that takes the greatest amount of time that occurs between divisions.

Spindle fibers

________ attach to the kinetochores (a disk- shaped protein) of chromosomes, located at their centromeres.

Disruptive selection

________- two extremes diverge until they become reproductively isolated.

Interphase

________- the part of the cell cycle that takes the greatest amount of time that occurs between divisions.

Golden rice

What was produced by inserting the gene for beta carotene? Answer with a single words or term.

Biotic factors

________- include all the living things that affect an organism.

Heterozygous

________- when an organism has two different alleles for a trait.

Punnett squares

________- used to represent probability of certain genotypes.

Differential Reproduction

________- Individuals that are best fit for their environment will survive and reproduce better than others, creating offspring that are also likely to be successful due to the variations of traits that they inherited.

Stigma

________- the part of a plant that releases pollen.

Adaptive radiation

________- when a population undergoes divergent evolution until it fills up different roles /niches in the environment.

Codominance

________- both alleles for a gene are expressed when an organism is heterozygous.

Animals

________ evolve mimicry- copying each other.

Coevolution

________- when two or more species adapt to each others influence.

restriction enzyme

What is also used to cut the plasmid so that the new DNA can be inserted? Answer with a single words or term.

Y

________- linked traits- only appear in males and are always passed from father to son.

Homozygous

________- when an organism has two of the same alleles for a trait.

Endosymbiosis

________- the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were originally independent prokaryotes that entered larger prokaryotes and formed eukaryotes.

DNA

________ begins to return to chromatin form.

sister chromatid

What is now considered to be a chromosome? Answer with a single words or term.

Emigration

________- the movement of individuals out of a population.

Diploid

________- describes a set of chromosomes in which each chromosome has a homologue.

IB

________- the allele for type B blood.

Organelles

________ distribute between both cells.