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Prussia
During the seventeenth century, a development of great importance for the modern Western world took place in central and eastern Europe, as three new powers made their appearance: ________, Austria, and Russia.
Economic contraction
________ was evident in some parts of Europe in the 1620s.
Spain
At the beginning of the seventeenth century, ________ possessed the most populous empire in the world, controlling almost all of South America and a number of settlements in Asia and Africa.
eastern Europe
As a result, Poland- Lithuania played a major role in ________ in the fifteenth century and also ruled much of Ukraine by the end of the sixteenth century.
1655
In ________, Cromwell dissolved Parliament and divided the country into eleven regions, each ruled by a major general who served virtually as a military governor.
1453
After conquering Constantinople in ________, the Ottoman Turks tried to complete their conquest of the Balkans, where they had been established since the fourteenth century.
Ottoman Empire
The ________ possessed a highly effective governmental system, especially when it was led by strong sultans or powerful grand viziers.
Poland Lithuania
________ had a rather unique governmental system in that assemblies of nobles elected the king and carefully limited royal power.
Rump Parliament
After the death of the king, the ________ abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords and proclaimed England a republic or commonwealth.
Russian society
________ was dominated by an upper class of landed aristocrats who, in the course of the seventeenth century, managed to bind their peasants to the land.
Ivan IV
In the sixteenth century, ________ the Terrible, who was the first ruler to take the title of tsar, expanded the territories of Russia eastward after finding westward expansion blocked by the powerful Swedish and Polish states.
Executive power
________ was vested in the Lord Protector and legislative power in a reconstituted Parliament.
Lithuania
The dynastic union of Jagiello, grand prince of ________, with the Polish queen Jadwiga resulted in a large Lithuanian- Polish state in 1386, although it was not until 1569 that a formal merger occurred between the two crowns.
Shakespeare
________ has long been recognized as a universal genius.
master of the English language
A(n) ________, he was instrumental in codifying a language that was still in transition.
William Shakespeare
________ was a ‘ ‘ complete man of the theater.
Ivan
________ also extended the autocracy of the tsar by crushing the power of the Russian nobility, known as the boyars.
Baroque painting style
The ________ was known for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions.
Witchcraft trials
________ were held in England, Scotland, Switzerland, Germany, some parts of France, and the Low Countries, and even in New England in America.
