Chapter 24 - Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

Nucleons

________ are the fundamental particles that make up the nucleus, protons, and neutrons.

Nuclear reactions

________ are frequently followed by a million- fold increase in energy.

Mercury

________ has seven, whereas tin has ten, the most of any element.

Polonium

________ (Po; Z= 84), the most metallic member of Group 6A, is a uranium ore (16), and the heaviest alkaline earth element, radium (Ra; Z= 88)

Electrons

________ are shared or transferred to produce compounds in chemical processes, while nuclei stay unaltered.

precise quantities

The isotopes of an element or its compounds are present in ________ that fluctuate only slightly in naturally occurring samples of the element or its compounds.

mass number

Nuclides can alternatively be identified by the element name followed by the ________, such as chlorine- 35 and chlorine- 37.

precise quantities of protons

Each nucleus has its own unique composition, that is, ________ and neutrons.

atomic nuclei

The changes that occur in ________ are very different from chemical changes.

Antoine Henri Becquerel

________, a French physicist, discovered by accident in 1896 that uranium crystals generate penetrating radiation capable of exposing a photographic plate.

nuclear processes

In ________, the roles are reversed: electrons play a significant role.

Curie

________ gave the emissions the term radioactivity and demonstrated that they are unaffected by temperature, pressure, or other physical and chemical conditions.

Pierre Curie

________ demonstrated the presence of two additional elements in pitchblende, the main element.

Becquerel

________ also discovered that radiation causes an electric discharge in the air, allowing him (Antoine- Henri Becquerel) to measure its intensity.

stable nucleus

Although a(n) ________ can exist indefinitely, the vast majority of nuclei are unstable.

Energy changes

________ in chemical processes are so significant that the associated changes in the mass are noticeable.

nuclide

A(n) ________ is denoted by the notation Z A X, where X is the element symbol.

mass number

The ________, A, is the number of nucleons (the sum of protons and neutrons)