AP Psychologists

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69 Terms

1
Mary Whiton Calkins
first female president of the APA (1905)
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2
Charles Darwin
evolutionary psychology survival of the fittest natural selection
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3
Dorothea Dix
creator of american mental hospitals
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4
Sigmund Frued
Psychoanalytic perspective Psychosexual stages unconscious motives wishes and urges
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5
G. Stanley Hall
1st psych lab in america at john hopkins 1st president of the APA
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6
William James
created 1st psych textbook
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7
Iván Pavlov
Classical conditioning
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8
Jean Piaget
Cognitive development
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9
Carl Rogers
self theory client centered therapy active listening unconditional positive regard
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10
B.F Skinner
operant conditioning
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11
Margaret Floy Washburn
1st female Ph.D in psychology
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12
John B. Watson
Behaviorism & little albert
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13
Wilhelm Wundt
backbones of psychology 1st psych lab ever
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14
Paul Broca
speech production area in frontal lobe
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15
Micheal Gazzaniga
split brain researcher how the cerebral hemispheres communicate
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16
Alexander Luria
studied the relationship between language thought and cortical connections resulted in the field of neuropsychology
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17
Roger Sperry
designed surgery to treat epileptics cutting of the corpus callosum contributed to the understanding of lateralization of brain function
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18
Carl Wernike
speech comprehension area in the temporal lobe
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19
Gustav Fetchner
Absolute threshold
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20
David Hubel(with wiesel)
discovered feature detectors in the visual system
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21
Ernst Weber
law to detect JND
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22
Torsten Wiesel
Along with David Hubel discovered feature detector groups of neurons in the visual cortex that respond to different types of visual images
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23
William James
stream of consciousness
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24
Ernst Hilgard
role of hypnotism in human behavior and response
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25
Albert Bandura
Social Learning Theory Bobo Doll Experiment imitation in learning
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26
John Garcia
Conditioned Taste Aversion (The Garcia Effect)
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27
Robert Rescorla
Contingency Theory - a stimulus must provide the subject information about the likelihood that certain events will occur.
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28
Edward Thorndike
Law of Effect; Instrumental Conditioning
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29
Edward Tolman
latent learning; rats in mazes
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30
Noam Chomsky
Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
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31
Hermann Ebbinghaus
studied memory using nonsense syllables; retention and forgetting curves
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32
Wolfgang Kohler
researcher who studied insight learning in chimps
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33
Elizabeth Loftus
eyewitness testimony misinformation effect false memories
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34
George Miller
STM's "Magic Number" \= 7 ± 2
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35
George Sperling
studied sensory memory sub-type - Iconic Memory - with cued recall tasks
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36
Benjamin Whorf
linguistic determination - language determines the way we think
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37
William James
theory of emotion-the body reaction comes before then emotion quickly after
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38
Alfred Kinsey
controversial research on sexual motivation in the 1940's and 50's
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39
Abraham Maslow
Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization"
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40
David Matsumoto
study of facial expressions and emotions; first training tool to improve ability to read microexpressions; studied spontaneous facial expressions in blind individuals; discovered that many facial expressions are innate and not visually learned
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41
Stanley Schachter
Developed "Two-Factor" theory of emotion; experiments on spillover effect
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42
Hans Selye
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)- alarm resistance exhaustion
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43
Mary Ainsworth
secure vs. insecure attachment
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44
Diana Baumrind
types of parenting styles: authoritarian permissive authoritative
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45
Erik Erikson
8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?"
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46
Carol Gilligan
criticized Kohlberg's work b/c he only studied privileged white men and boys she felt this caused a biased opinion against women.
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47
Harry Harlow
wire mother monkey studies contact comfort
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48
Lawrence Kohlberg
Levels of Moral Development- Pre-Conventional Conventional Post-Conventional
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49
Konrad Lorenz
Imprinting in animals
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50
Lev Vygotsky
research on play; "Zone of proximal development" (ZPD) - the range of tasks that a child can complete independently; studied concept of inner speech in language development
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51
Alfred Adler
inferiority complex & sibling rivalry
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52
Paul Costa & Robert McCrae
Big Five Trait Theory (CANOE: conscientiousness agreeableness neuroticism openness to experience and extraversion)
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53
Carl Jung
collective unconscious archetypes
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54
Martín Seligman
positive psychology
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55
Alfred Binet
Created first intelligence test for Parisian school children
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56
Francis Galton
founded psychometrics; developed the ideas of correlation standard deviation regression toward the mean
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57
Howard Gardner
theory of multiple intelligences; 8 areas
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58
Charles Spearman
2-Factor Theory of Intelligence - "g" factor (general intelligence) an inherited intellectual ability that influences all around performance; "s" factor (specific abilities) which account for differences between scores on different tasks
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59
Robert Sternberg
triarchic theory of intelligence- [1] academic problem-solving intelligence [2] practical intelligence [3] creative intelligence
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60
Louis Terman
altered Binet's IQ test calling it the Stanford-Binet
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61
David Wechsler
Developed WAIS and WISC (IQ tests)
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62
Albert Ellis
founder of cognitive-behavioral therapies
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63
Mary Cover Jones
counterconditioning of fears
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64
Joseph Wolpe
developed the Exposure Therapy technique known as flooding
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65
Soloman Asch
conformity studies & line study
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66
Leon Fistinger
cognitive dissonance theory
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67
Fritz Heider
Attribution theory describes how people come to explain (make attributions about) the behavior of others and themselves; behavior is attributed to a disposition or to a situation
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68
Stanley Milgram
obedience studies; "teacher" and "learner" shock experiment
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69
Philip Zimbardo
Stanford Prison Study; power of power; when roles become reality
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