Studied by 0 people
Positional information
________ changes with location and cells in a growing embryo receive and respond to it.
Morphogenesis
________ is the process through which cells change the form, location, and survival in animals.
plasma membrane
To reach the ________, sperm must first dissolve or enter any protective layer around the egg.
cell surface
The ________ processes that occur during fertilization have been investigated most thoroughly in sea urchins, which are members of the phylum.
cortical response
The ________ alters the zona pellucida in mammalian fertilization as a gradual impediment to polyspermy.
Neurulation
________ is an early process in vertebrate organogenesis that involves the creation of the notochord by cells of the dorsal mesoderm and the development of the neural tube from infolding of the ectodermal neural plate.
fetal placenta
The trophoblast starts the creation of the ________, while the embryo properly develops from a cell layer within the blastocyst called the epiblast.
rudimentary digestive cavity
Gastrulation transforms the blastula into a gastrula, which contains a(n) ________ and three germ layers: ectoderm (blue), which creates the embryo's outer layer, mesoderm (red), which develops the middle layer, and endoderm (yellow), which forms the embryo's interior tissues.
Cytoskeletal rearrangements
________ alter the morphology of cells, which underpin cell motions in gastrulation and organogenesis, such as invaginations and convergent extension.
Organs
________ develop from particular parts of the three embryonic germ layers.
volume
The ________ and distribution of yolk have a significant impact on the pattern of cleavage.
mammalian embryos
Bird, reptile, and ________ grow within a fluid- filled sac enclosed within a shell or the uterus.
cleavage stage
In many species, the completion of the ________ results in the formation of a blastula with a fluid- filled chamber, known as the blastocoel.
Cell fate
________ is controlled by cytoplasmic determinants and inductive cues.
Molecules
________ and events on the egg surface are critical in all stages of fertilization.
Embryo destiny maps
________ developed experimentally indicate that certain areas of the zygote or blastula grow into specific portions of older embryos.
polyspermy occurs
If ________, the embryo will die as a result of the improper amount of chromosomes.
cytoskeleton
The ________ is also involved in cell migration, which is aided by cell adhesion molecules and the extracellular matrix.
embryonic development progresses
As ________, the developmental capacity of cells in all animals becomes progressively more restricted.
