Chapter 5: Developing Through The Life Span

Theorist Erik Erikson

________ contended that each stage of life has its own psychosocial task, a crisis that needs resolution.

Lawrence Kohlberg

________ agreed and sought to describe the development of moral reasoning, the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong.

Bereavement therapy

________ and self- help groups offer support, but there is similar healing power in the passing of time, the support of friends, and the act of giving support and help to others.

self definition

A(n) ________ that unifies the various selves into a consistent and comfortable is an identify.

Piaget

________ believed that childrens moral judgments build on their cognitive development.

Abuse

________ or bullying exhibit the biological scars of shortened telomeres.

Teratogens

________**: (literally,"monster makers) "agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.

Positive self concept

________ are more confident, independent, optimistic, assertive, and sociable.

Behavior

________ provide clues to the beginnings of self- awareness.

romantic relationships

In ________, an anxious attachment style creates constant concern over rejection, leading people to cling to their partners.

Natures strategy

________ for keeping children close to protective adults and providing time for learning and socialization.

Fetus

________:** the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.

Jonathan Haidt

________ believes that much of our morality is rooted in moral intuition.

Menopause

________**: the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.

Zygote

________:** the fertilized egg; it enters a 2- week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo.

Intimacy

________**: in Eriksons theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in young adulthood.

Adolescence

________ is a time of vitality without the cares.

Parent infant emotional communication

________ occurs via touch.

Fatty tissue

________ that forms around axons and speeds neurotransmission enables better communication with other brain regions.

Schema

________:** a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

temporary support

Scaffold:** in Vygotskys theory, a framework that offers children ________ as they develop higher levels of thinking.

Vygotsky

________ emphasized how the childs mind grows through interaction with the social environment vs Piaget who emphasized how the childs mind grows through interaction with the physical environment.

Erikson

Identity:** our sense of self according to ________, the adolescents task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.

developmental problems

Smoking also can be an epigenetic effect cuasing ________.

Human attachment

________ consists of one person providing another with a secure base from which to explore and a safe haven when distressed.

Object Permanence

________:** the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.

human organism

Embryo:** the developing ________ from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.

Affluent children

________ are at elevated risk for substance abuse, eating disorders, anxiety, and depression.

Positive parent

________- teen relations and positive peer relations often go hand in hand.

Group identities

________ are often formed by how we differ from those around us.

Mere exposure

________ to people and things increases fondness such as rereading books or rewatching movies.

Longitudinal Study

________: research that follows and retests the same people over time.

Sensorimotor Stage

________**: in Piagets theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

Social Clock

________**: the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.

Preoperational Stage

________:** in Piagets theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.

Frontal lobe maturation

________ lags behind the emotional limbic system.

physical vigor

During early and middle adulthood, ________ has less to do with age than with a persons health and exercise habits.

full independence

Emerging Adulthood**: a period from about age 18 to the mid- twenties, when many in Western cultures are no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved ________ as adults.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

________ (FAS)**: physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant womans heavy drinking.

Spectrum Disorder

Autism ________ (ASD):** a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.

Familiarity bases

________ in attachments in many animals that form during a critical period.

Conservation

________**: the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.

Formal Operational Stage

________:** in Piagets theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.

Critical Period

________:** an optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development.

Developmental Psychology

________:** a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.

Parent infant attachment bond

________ is a powerful survival impulse that keeps infants close to their caregivers.

Rapid development

________ helps explain why infant brain size increases rapidly.

avoidant style

A(n) ________ decreases commitment and increases conflict.

Neurocognitive Disorders

________ (NCDs**): acquired (not lifelong) disorders marked by cognitive deficits; often related to Alzheimers disease, brain injury or disease, or substance abuse.

Piaget

________ identified significant cognitive milestones and stimulated worldwide interest in how the mind develops.