AP Spanish Lit Unit 5: Crisis, Identity, and New Aesthetics

Disaster of 1898

The event causing Spain to lose its last colonies, leading to a crisis in identity.

La Generación del 98

A literary movement in Spain focusing on introspection and critique of social decay.

El Modernismo

A Latin American literary movement prioritizing aesthetics and beauty over social themes.

Antonio Machado

A key figure in La Generación del 98 known for exploring the Spanish soul.

Rubén Darío

The father of Modernismo who focused on aesthetic beauty and later socio-political themes.

Melancholic Tone

A key tone in La Generación del 98 characterized by sadness and introspection.

Elegance in Modernismo

A defining feature emphasizing beauty and the musicality of language.

El alma de España

The concept of the Spanish soul examined by La Generación del 98 writers.

Romance structure

A poetic form characterized by octosyllabic lines and assonant rhyme.

The 'Two Spains'

A contrast between the elites and the common workers depicted in Machado's work.

Mala gente

Arrogant intellectuals criticized by Machado for their lack of connection to the land.

Buenas gentes

Hardworking individuals embraced by Machado for their authenticity.

Mundonovismo

A phase of Darío's work focused on socio-political commentary towards the Americas.

Theodore Roosevelt

U.S. President symbolizing imperialist expansion addressed in Darío's poem 'A Roosevelt'.

Apóstrofe

A literary device used in 'A Roosevelt' to directly address Theodore Roosevelt.

Metaphor in 'A Roosevelt'

Darío uses this device to compare the USA to historical conquerors.

Hallucinations in 'El hijo'

A psychological element depicting the father's mental state in Quiroga's story.

Naturalism

A literary approach where nature is portrayed as a hostile force against humanity.

Dual Identity in Burgos

A conflict between the societal expectations of women and their true essence.

Anaphora

A literary device involving repetition to create rhythm in Burgos' poem.

'Tú' vs 'Yo'

The contrasting identities in Burgos' poem representing social expectations vs personal truth.

Imperialism vs Cultural Heritage

The main theme of Darío's 'A Roosevelt', highlighting the tension between two forces.

Social Division in Machado's poem

A recurring theme exploring the differences between the elites and common folk.

Misinterpretation of Machado

The common mistake of believing Machado prefers the educated class over the working class.

Fatalism in 'El hijo'

The theme that tragedy is inevitable, demonstrated in Quiroga's story.

Hallucination vs Reality

The climax in 'El hijo' that reveals the father's perceived reconciliation with his son.