APUSH CH 28

Progressivism

________: demonstrated the need for reform (1st attempt at evaluating the role of govt), wanted to limit the power of monopolies and improve the general public's working and living conditions.

Upton

________ Sinclair's The Jungle (1906): described the unsanitary conditions of meat workers; hoped to incite sympathy for their plight, but people were more concerned about the cleanliness of the meat they were eating.

Jacob Riis

________: described the horrors of New York slums.

Northern Securities Case

________ (1902): RR company that tried to monopolize th industry in the Northwest Roosev breaks the trust, 1st time that antitru legislation is used to break up a trust instead of a labor union.

Social Gospel

________: wealthy feel morally (and religiously) obligated to help the poor for advancement of civilization (progressivism based on Christian teachings and morals)

Elkins Act

________ (1903): railroad companies who gave rebates to companies (so that the companies would prefer to use their rail line) and shippers who accepted them were punished allowed for competitive railroad rates; no monopoly.

Pinchot Quarrel

Ballinger- ________: Taft fires well liked conservationist for insubordination, further splitting the Republican party.

Recall

________: elected officials who had accepted bribes from big business or lobbyists were removed by the people less opportunity for corruption in govt.

Ray Stannard Baker

________: described how many blacks were still illiterate and often subject to racial violence.

Referendum

________: laws would be placed on the ballot and would have to be approved by the people to pass more difficult for big business agents to "railroad "in laws that benefited them.

Thorstein Veblen

________: said the elite class was making wasteful business (making money just to become richer) instead of productive activities, like making goods that satisfy real needs.

New Freedom

________: Wilson called for unmonopolized (and unregulated) markets, controlled by antitrust laws, banking reforms, and tariff reductions → very popular, helped Wilson win the election of 1912.

Robert La Follette

________ notably took control away from corruption corporations and devised a system to regulate public utilities.

Square Deal

________: Roosevelt aims to address the 3 C's by passing acts to reform corrupt Corporations, protect Consumers, and Conserve the environment becomes known for 'trust- busting.

Initiative

________: voters could directly propose legislation, by passing the state legislatures which party bosses tended to have a stronghold over.

Ida Tarbell

________: exposed the corruption of Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company.

Muckrakers

________: derogatory name given by President Roosevelt to reporters who exposed problems in society to encourage reform.

New Nationalism

________: Roosevelt uses a comprehensive progressive platform to gain support from many different groups, advocated mostly for strict regulatory agencies.

Australian Ballot

________: voters can secretly mark their choice when voting and don't feel intimidated into choosing certain candidates.

Hetch Hetchy Valley

________: Controversy arises when preservationists wanted to leave the valley as it is, but conservationists wanted to protect it while also using it efficiently and responsibly conservationists win, a dam is built, preservation ists were upset.

direct election of Senators

17th amendment: ________ by the people → again reduced the power of the part bosses and weakens the link between big business and govt.

Coal Strike

________ of 1902: coal workers strike for more pay and less working hour- Roosevelt threatens to shut down the mine if the owners don't give in to their demands for once, the President is siding with labor instead of protecting business interests.

Political Reforms

________: aimed to undercut the power of political party bosses.

Progressives

________ were a diverse group with various motives for reforms: pacifists who wanted to abolish war, settlement house workers who wanted to assimilate immigrants, labor unionists who wanted greater govt regulation, (often wealthy) women who wanted suffrage, etc (Women justified their involvement as an extension of their traditional homemaking, not a rejection)

Key Question

Should the federal govt continue to have limited powers, or should they become more active in order to resolve the problems of the modern world, shape society, and protect American interests abroad

Progressivism

demonstrated the need for reform (1st attempt at evaluating the role of govt), wanted to limit the power of monopolies and improve the general public's working and living conditions

no more laissez faire policy

govt finally takes action to protect the consumer and get

Muckrakers

derogatory name given by President Roosevelt to reporters who exposed problems in society to encourage reform

Ida Tarbell

exposed the corruption of Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company

Jacob Riis

described the horrors of New York slums

Thorstein Veblen

said the elite class was making wasteful business (making money just to become richer) instead of productive activities, like making goods that satisfy real needs

Ray Stannard Baker

described how many blacks were still illiterate and often subject to racial violence

Social Gospel

wealthy feel morally (and religiously) obligated to help the poor for advancement of civilization (progressivism based on Christian teachings and morals)

Muller V. Oregon (1908)

said laws restricting women to 10 hour workdays were constitutional seen as a victory because it contradicted the norm of employers controlling everything and gave "protections" to women workers, who were seen as more fragile and weak to keep up with the demands of industry

Progressives were a diverse group with various motives for reforms

pacifists who wanted to abolish war, settlement house workers who wanted to assimilate immigrants, labor unionists who wanted greater govt regulation, (often wealthy) women who wanted suffrage, etc (Women justified their involvement as an extension of their traditional homemaking, not a rejection)

Political Reforms

aimed to undercut the power of political party bosses

Initiative

voters could directly propose legislation, by passing the state legislatures which party bosses tended to have a stronghold over

Referendum

laws would be placed on the ballot and would have to be approved by the people to pass more difficult for big business agents to "railroad" in laws that benefited them

Recall

elected officials who had accepted bribes from big business or lobbyists were removed by the people less opportunity for corruption in govt

Australian Ballot

voters can secretly mark their choice when voting and don't feel intimidated into choosing certain candidates

17th amendment

direct election of Senators by the people → again reduced the power of the part bosses and weakens the link between big business and govt

Lochner v. New York (1905)

a New York state law had est

Square Deal

Roosevelt aims to address the 3 C's by passing acts to reform corrupt Corporations, protect Consumers, and Conserve the environment becomes known for 'trust-busting

Elkins Act (1903)

railroad companies who gave rebates to companies (so that the companies would prefer to use their rail line) and shippers who accepted them were punished allowed for competitive railroad rates; no monopoly

Hepburn Act (1906)

banned free passes, when RR would give companies free rides in the hopes of future business

Northern Securities Case (1902)

RR company that tried to monopolize th industry in the Northwest Roosev breaks the trust, 1st time that antitru legislation is used to break up a trust instead of a labor union

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906)

described the unsanitary conditions of meat workers; hoped to incite sympathy for their plight, but people were more concerned about the cleanliness of the meat they were eating

Meat Inspection Act (1906)

said the federal govt would regulate and inspect meat industry

Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)

people were worried about being sold mislabeled food and drugs, so the FDA regulates the labels so consumers are informed

Hetch Hetchy Valley

Controversy arises when preservationists wanted to leave the valley as it is, but conservationists wanted to protect it while also using it efficiently and responsibly conservationists win, a dam is built, preservation ists were upset

Election of 1908

Republicans chose Willian Taft, while Democrats chose Jennings Bryan → Taft wins

Payne-Aldrich Bill (1909)

remember, progressives in the Republican party wanted to lower protective tariff to prevent monopoliesTaft angers them because the bill keeps high rates on the most used imports

Ballinger-Pinchot Quarrel

Taft fires well liked conservationist for insubordination, further splitting the Republican party

New Nationalism

Roosevelt uses a comprehensive progressive platform to gain support from many different groups, advocated mostly for strict regulatory agencies

New Freedom

Wilson called for unmonopolized (and unregulated) markets, controlled by antitrust laws, banking reforms, and tariff reductions → very popular, helped Wilson win the election of 1912