Studied by 2 people
Progressivism
________: demonstrated the need for reform (1st attempt at evaluating the role of govt), wanted to limit the power of monopolies and improve the general public's working and living conditions.
Upton
________ Sinclair's The Jungle (1906): described the unsanitary conditions of meat workers; hoped to incite sympathy for their plight, but people were more concerned about the cleanliness of the meat they were eating.
Jacob Riis
________: described the horrors of New York slums.
Northern Securities Case
________ (1902): RR company that tried to monopolize th industry in the Northwest Roosev breaks the trust, 1st time that antitru legislation is used to break up a trust instead of a labor union.
Social Gospel
________: wealthy feel morally (and religiously) obligated to help the poor for advancement of civilization (progressivism based on Christian teachings and morals)
Elkins Act
________ (1903): railroad companies who gave rebates to companies (so that the companies would prefer to use their rail line) and shippers who accepted them were punished allowed for competitive railroad rates; no monopoly.
Pinchot Quarrel
Ballinger- ________: Taft fires well liked conservationist for insubordination, further splitting the Republican party.
Recall
________: elected officials who had accepted bribes from big business or lobbyists were removed by the people less opportunity for corruption in govt.
Ray Stannard Baker
________: described how many blacks were still illiterate and often subject to racial violence.
Referendum
________: laws would be placed on the ballot and would have to be approved by the people to pass more difficult for big business agents to "railroad "in laws that benefited them.
Thorstein Veblen
________: said the elite class was making wasteful business (making money just to become richer) instead of productive activities, like making goods that satisfy real needs.
New Freedom
________: Wilson called for unmonopolized (and unregulated) markets, controlled by antitrust laws, banking reforms, and tariff reductions → very popular, helped Wilson win the election of 1912.
Robert La Follette
________ notably took control away from corruption corporations and devised a system to regulate public utilities.
Square Deal
________: Roosevelt aims to address the 3 C's by passing acts to reform corrupt Corporations, protect Consumers, and Conserve the environment becomes known for 'trust- busting.
Initiative
________: voters could directly propose legislation, by passing the state legislatures which party bosses tended to have a stronghold over.
Ida Tarbell
________: exposed the corruption of Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company.
Muckrakers
________: derogatory name given by President Roosevelt to reporters who exposed problems in society to encourage reform.
New Nationalism
________: Roosevelt uses a comprehensive progressive platform to gain support from many different groups, advocated mostly for strict regulatory agencies.
Australian Ballot
________: voters can secretly mark their choice when voting and don't feel intimidated into choosing certain candidates.
Hetch Hetchy Valley
________: Controversy arises when preservationists wanted to leave the valley as it is, but conservationists wanted to protect it while also using it efficiently and responsibly conservationists win, a dam is built, preservation ists were upset.
direct election of Senators
17th amendment: ________ by the people → again reduced the power of the part bosses and weakens the link between big business and govt.
Coal Strike
________ of 1902: coal workers strike for more pay and less working hour- Roosevelt threatens to shut down the mine if the owners don't give in to their demands for once, the President is siding with labor instead of protecting business interests.
Political Reforms
________: aimed to undercut the power of political party bosses.
Progressives
________ were a diverse group with various motives for reforms: pacifists who wanted to abolish war, settlement house workers who wanted to assimilate immigrants, labor unionists who wanted greater govt regulation, (often wealthy) women who wanted suffrage, etc (Women justified their involvement as an extension of their traditional homemaking, not a rejection)
Key Question
Should the federal govt continue to have limited powers, or should they become more active in order to resolve the problems of the modern world, shape society, and protect American interests abroad
Progressivism
demonstrated the need for reform (1st attempt at evaluating the role of govt), wanted to limit the power of monopolies and improve the general public's working and living conditions
no more laissez faire policy
govt finally takes action to protect the consumer and get
Muckrakers
derogatory name given by President Roosevelt to reporters who exposed problems in society to encourage reform
Ida Tarbell
exposed the corruption of Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company
Jacob Riis
described the horrors of New York slums
Thorstein Veblen
said the elite class was making wasteful business (making money just to become richer) instead of productive activities, like making goods that satisfy real needs
Ray Stannard Baker
described how many blacks were still illiterate and often subject to racial violence
Social Gospel
wealthy feel morally (and religiously) obligated to help the poor for advancement of civilization (progressivism based on Christian teachings and morals)
Muller V. Oregon (1908)
said laws restricting women to 10 hour workdays were constitutional seen as a victory because it contradicted the norm of employers controlling everything and gave "protections" to women workers, who were seen as more fragile and weak to keep up with the demands of industry
Progressives were a diverse group with various motives for reforms
pacifists who wanted to abolish war, settlement house workers who wanted to assimilate immigrants, labor unionists who wanted greater govt regulation, (often wealthy) women who wanted suffrage, etc (Women justified their involvement as an extension of their traditional homemaking, not a rejection)
Political Reforms
aimed to undercut the power of political party bosses
Initiative
voters could directly propose legislation, by passing the state legislatures which party bosses tended to have a stronghold over
Referendum
laws would be placed on the ballot and would have to be approved by the people to pass more difficult for big business agents to "railroad" in laws that benefited them
Recall
elected officials who had accepted bribes from big business or lobbyists were removed by the people less opportunity for corruption in govt
Australian Ballot
voters can secretly mark their choice when voting and don't feel intimidated into choosing certain candidates
17th amendment
direct election of Senators by the people → again reduced the power of the part bosses and weakens the link between big business and govt
Lochner v. New York (1905)
a New York state law had est
Square Deal
Roosevelt aims to address the 3 C's by passing acts to reform corrupt Corporations, protect Consumers, and Conserve the environment becomes known for 'trust-busting
Elkins Act (1903)
railroad companies who gave rebates to companies (so that the companies would prefer to use their rail line) and shippers who accepted them were punished allowed for competitive railroad rates; no monopoly
Hepburn Act (1906)
banned free passes, when RR would give companies free rides in the hopes of future business
Northern Securities Case (1902)
RR company that tried to monopolize th industry in the Northwest Roosev breaks the trust, 1st time that antitru legislation is used to break up a trust instead of a labor union
Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906)
described the unsanitary conditions of meat workers; hoped to incite sympathy for their plight, but people were more concerned about the cleanliness of the meat they were eating
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
said the federal govt would regulate and inspect meat industry
Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)
people were worried about being sold mislabeled food and drugs, so the FDA regulates the labels so consumers are informed
Hetch Hetchy Valley
Controversy arises when preservationists wanted to leave the valley as it is, but conservationists wanted to protect it while also using it efficiently and responsibly conservationists win, a dam is built, preservation ists were upset
Election of 1908
Republicans chose Willian Taft, while Democrats chose Jennings Bryan → Taft wins
Payne-Aldrich Bill (1909)
remember, progressives in the Republican party wanted to lower protective tariff to prevent monopoliesTaft angers them because the bill keeps high rates on the most used imports
Ballinger-Pinchot Quarrel
Taft fires well liked conservationist for insubordination, further splitting the Republican party
New Nationalism
Roosevelt uses a comprehensive progressive platform to gain support from many different groups, advocated mostly for strict regulatory agencies
New Freedom
Wilson called for unmonopolized (and unregulated) markets, controlled by antitrust laws, banking reforms, and tariff reductions → very popular, helped Wilson win the election of 1912
