Chapter 10 - The Shapes of Molecules

stepwise process

A(n) ________ converts a molecular formula into a Lewis structure, a two- dimensional representation of a molecule (or ion) that shows the placement of atoms and the distribution of valence electrons among bonding and lone pairs.

Formal charges

________ can be beneficial in determining which contributor to the hybrid is more important, but experimental data always determines the option.

Complex behaviors

________ in many species, such as mating, defense, navigation, and eating, have been discovered by biologists to rely on one molecule's structure matching that of another.

polyatomic ion

To write a Lewis structure, we first decide on the relative position of the atoms in the molecule or ________, and then we distribute the total amount of valence electrons as bonding and lone pairs.

II

Deviations arise when the bonds are different (structure ________), the surrounding atoms are different (structure III), or one or more of the electron groups are nonbonding groups (structure IV)

Valence

________- shell electron- pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory states that in order to reduce repulsions, each group of valence electrons around a core atom should be as far apart as possible from the others.

three dimensional arrangement of nuclei

The ________ linked by bonding groups is known as the molecular shape.