Bio Final Study Guide (NOT FINISHED)

Centrosomes

________- structures that form the mitotic spindle (the spindle fibers that allow cell division to occur)

Gel electrophoresis

________- separates DNA based on fragment size in order to create a DNA fingerprint.

Mitosis

________- produces two daughter cells of about the same size with the same genetic information for the purposes of: Metaphase- chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate- this is the line down the center of the cell.

Habitat isolation

________- two populations of organisms each live in different environments, so the gene pools of the two populations are kept separate.

Genetic drift

________- when allele frequencies in a population change due to random chance.

Spindle fibers

________ attach to the kinetochores (a disk- shaped protein) of chromosomes, located at their centromeres.

Heterozygous

________- when an organism has two different alleles for a trait.

Interphase

________- the part of the cell cycle that takes the greatest amount of time that occurs between divisions.

Golden rice

What was produced by inserting the gene for beta carotene? Answer with a single words or term.

Pedigree

________- a diagram that shows a trait is inherited over generations.

Stigma

________- the part of a plant that releases pollen.

Differential Reproduction

________- Individuals that are best fit for their environment will survive and reproduce better than others, creating offspring that are also likely to be successful due to the variations of traits that they inherited.

DNA

What is replicated: there are two copies of each chromosome? Answer with a single words or term.

Punnett squares

________- used to represent probability of certain genotypes.

Disruptive selection

________- occurs when organisms with traits on either extreme are favored.

Codominance

________- both alleles for a gene are expressed when an organism is heterozygous.

Meiosis

________- the process of creating gametes (haploid reproductive cells)

Differential Reproduction

________- Individuals that are best fit for their environment will survive and reproduce better than others, creating offspring that are also likely to be successful due to the variations of traits that they inherited.

Meiosis II

________: this is basically the same process as mitosis.

Coevolution

________- when two or more species adapt to each others influence.

Meiosis II

________: this is basically the same process as mitosis.

Y

________- linked traits- only appear in males and are always passed from father to son.

Biogenesis

________- the idea that all living things come from other living things.

sister chromatid

What is now considered to be a chromosome? Answer with a single words or term.

Spontaneous generation

________- the idea that living things arise from nonliving things.