Mastering Unit 3: Expressions of Art and Beauty in the Hispanic World

Beauty

A social construct that varies across time, geography, and culture, encompassing character, nature, and emotional resonance.

Religious Influence

Ties Spanish beauty historically to Catholic morality, where physical beauty was equated with spiritual purity.

The Golden Age Canon

Standards of beauty in Spain that included pale skin, curvy female figures, and modest clothing.

Pale Skin

Associated with nobility and purity, particularly in historical context.

Curvy Figures

Prized as signs of fertility and health in traditional Spanish beauty standards.

Modesty in Fashion

Clothing designed to cover the body, with minimal makeup to enhance natural features.

Westernization

The influence of European and Hollywood standards on beauty in the 20th century.

Body Positive Movement

A recent shift towards inclusivity and acceptance of diverse body types in Spain and Latin America.

Media Representation

Increased visibility of diverse body types and ethnicities in advertising and media.

Colorismo

Discrimination based on skin tone that social media campaigns are challenging.

Traditional Dress

A profound expression of aesthetic identity in many Latin American indigenous cultures.

Fast Fashion

A retail model that quickly produces trendy clothing, exemplified by Inditex's Zara.

Economic Impact of Fashion

The fashion industry is crucial to the Spanish economy and influences global trends.

Cholitas of Bolivia

Indigenous Aymara women who wear traditional clothing and have reclaimed their cultural identity.

Pollera

An elaborate national costume from Panama, worn for festivals and parades.

Flamenco Dress

The traje de flamenca, evolving with fashion trends in Spain.

Diego Velázquez

Baroque artist known for Las Meninas and realism in court painting.

Francisco de Goya

Romantic artist who depicted the horrors of war in El tres de mayo de 1808.

Pablo Picasso

Co-founder of Cubism, known for Guernica, an anti-war statement.

Salvador Dalí

Surrealist known for eccentric works like The Persistence of Memory.

Joan Miró

Artist who used abstract forms and colors to depict Catalan landscape and subconscious.

Mexican Muralism

Art for the people focusing on social justice and indigenous history.

Frida Kahlo

Mexican artist known for her self-portraits and exploration of identity and pain.

Fernando Botero

Colombian artist known for his exaggerated figures, exploring space and color.

Street Art

A legitimate form of political expression in cities like Bogotá and Barcelona.

Okuda San Miguel

Spanish street artist known for transforming buildings into vibrant spectacles.

Chicano Art

Art that expresses the identity of Mexican-Americans, deeply rooted in the Civil Rights movement.

Roman Architecture

Engineering marvels like aqueducts that are still standing from ancient Rome.

Islamic Architecture

Characterized by intricate geometric patterns and water aesthetics, exemplified by the Alhambra.

Colonial Architecture

Found in Latin America, representing European imposition in the New World.

Antoni Gaudí

Catalan architect known for his natural, organic style and La Sagrada Familia.

Santiago Calatrava

Neo-futuristic architect known for works like the City of Arts and Sciences.

Luis Barragán

Architect who mixes modernism with Mexican tradition using vibrant colors and light.

Cultural Conservation

The role of museums in preserving cultural heritage.

El Prado Museum

Located in Madrid, specializes in classic European art from the 12th to 19th centuries.

Reina Sofía Museum

Madrid museum known for contemporary art, including Picasso's Guernica.

Guggenheim Museum

Bilbao museum that features modern art and architecture designed by Frank Gehry.

Museo de Antropología

Museum in Mexico City focused on pre-Hispanic history.

MALBA

Museum in Buenos Aires specializing in Latin American art.

Modern Art

Art from the period roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s.

Contemporary Art

Art from the late 20th century to the present day.

Stereotyping Beauty

The error of generalizing beauty standards across diverse cultures.

Understanding the 'Why'

The importance of explaining the significance of art beyond visual description.

Indigenous Architecture

Architecture that reflects the mastery of native cultures, such as Machu Picchu.

Cultural Comparison

A core aspect of the exam involving comparisons of art and values between cultures.