Equilibrium

Static Equilibrium

Occurs when an object is at rest and remains at rest, with the sum of forces and torques equal to zero.

Dynamic Equilibrium

Occurs when an object is moving at a constant velocity, with balanced forces resulting in no acceleration.

Stable Equilibrium

A state where a system tends to return to its original position after a slight disturbance.

Unstable Equilibrium

A state where a system moves away from its original position after a slight disturbance.

Neutral Equilibrium

A state where a system can be displaced without returning to its original position and remains in the new position.

Example of Static Equilibrium

A book lying flat on a table.

Example of Dynamic Equilibrium

A car driving at a constant speed on a straight road.

Example of Stable Equilibrium

A ball resting at the bottom of a bowl.

Example of Unstable Equilibrium

A ball balanced on top of a hill.

Example of Neutral Equilibrium

A ball rolling on a flat surface.

Condition for Static Equilibrium

The sum of forces and the sum of torques acting on the object are zero.

Condition for Dynamic Equilibrium

The sum of forces acting on the object remains balanced.

Effect of Disturbance in Stable Equilibrium

Returns to original position after slight disturbance.

Effect of Disturbance in Unstable Equilibrium

Moves away from original position after slight disturbance.

Effect of Disturbance in Neutral Equilibrium

Stays in the new position after being displaced.

Characteristics of Equilibrium States

Each type of equilibrium has a distinct response to disturbances.