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Tydings-McDuffie Act
Who: Happened during FDR's presidency. What: States that the Philippines will be free to self govern in around a decade Where: Philippines When: Was passed in 1930's, Philippines would be free in the 1940's. Why: America wanted to get out of the Philippines as soon as possible because of Japan's imperialistic behavior, shows selfishness and American fear towards Japan.
USSR
Who: Joseph Stalin What: Communist Russian government, one of the most powerful in the world at the time. Where: Russia When: Recognized by the US in the 1930's Why: Despite political disagreements, the USSR was an important ally during WWII.
Joseph Stalin
Who: Leader of Soviet Union What: Random Bolshevik Revolutionary, after their leader dies, Stalin takes over and kills the people who helped him do so. Where: Russia When: 1920's Why: Stalin is one of the Big Three during World War II, along with Churchill and FDR. He would have a big part in the War.
Hirohito
Who: Emperor of Japan during WWII What: Basically ok'd everything that Japan did during WWII, was like a living god to the Japanese. Where: Japan When: He lost a lot of his power after World War II in the 1940's. Why: Wouldn't be important after WWII; Only condition for Japanese surrender was safety of Hirohito, and he would be safe, but without any power in government.
Benito Mussolini
Who: Creator of first fascist government in Italy. What: Creates Fascist government, through powerful speeches, bodyguards that beat people who boo him, and having the support of the people. Starts small wars to get more territory near him, but doesn't want a World War. Where: Italy When: 1920's Why: Hitler copied his ideas as he gained power in the Nazi Party, Mussolini's actions as a leader would also help fix Italy, despite the brutality of his tactics.
Adolf Hitler
Who: German soldier during WWI, after they lose, had a mental breakdown, started reporting radical political parties as a job, and ends up joining the Nazi Party. What: Becomes the leader of the Nazi Party by copying Mussolini's methods, eventually becomes Chancellor after becoming massively popular. Where: Germany When: 1930's Why: Hitler instigated WWII
Spanish Civil War
Who: Hitler, Mussolini, Franco What: Franco is trying to overthrow the Spanish government and create a fascist state, Hitler and Mussolini help him Where: Spain When: 1930's Why: Basically a test drive for Hitler's army, which he has been building up - also shows America's committment to not getting involved in wars and their resistance against communism EDIT
Munich Conference
Who: Hitler, Mussolini, Dalodier, Chamberlain What: People in a certain area of Czechoslovakia, known as the Sudetenland, want to be a part of Germany - Hitler is given this at the Conference, and later takes the rest of Czechoslovakia. Where: Munich, Germany When: 1930's Why: Shows European Appeasement, want to avoid war and allow Hitler to do what he wants for a certain period of time.
Tripartite Pact
Who: Germany, Italy, and Japan What: If one of these countries is attacked, the others will help defend it. Where: Germany, Italy, and Japan When: 1930's Why: Shows how Germany is getting better international diplomatic relations, in a better spot for WWII
Nazi Soviet Act
Who: Stalin and Hitler What: Under no circumstance will they fight each other Where: Russia and Germany When: 1930's Why: Germany has good foreign relations, in good spot for war
Cash and Carry
Who: Happened under FDR What: America is neutral, but wants to help Allies in WWII, so it says that Britain can come to America for supplies. Where: America When: 1930's Why: Shows how America wasn't really neutral, even though it was trying to be
Battle of Britain
Who: Churchill, Turing What: Aerial Battle - most important reasons for British victory were Royal Air Force, Radar, and Ultra (cracked the Enigma code) Where: Britain When: 1940 Why: Shows advancements in British technology, were able to have Germany's plans because of code being cracked, also motivates America to help out with destroyers for bases
Lend Lease
Who: FDR and Churchill What: Starts out with FDR giving Churchill destroyers for base leases; basically just the practice of giving away supplies Where: America and Britain When: 1940's Why: Shows America's direct support to Britain, doing everything but joining the War
Election of 1940
Who: FDR and Wilkie What: Rossevelt (dem) vs. Wendell Wilkie (rep), Roosevelt wins; entire issue is over third term or no third term When: 1940 Where:US Why: People were willing to put their faith in FDR because of his experience, cared more about that than the constitutionality of third term.
Atlantic Charter
Who: FDR and Churchill What: Basically says that Germany is the main enemy in this war, and forms a new League of Nations (United Nations) based on individual human rights Where: Newfoundland When: 1940's Why: Creates the United Nations with Russia, Britain, and America, lays groundwork for basic human rights
Pearl Harbor
Who: Admiral Yamamoto, Admiral Nagumo What: Hawaii was bombed by Japan, complete surprise attack; not very effective, leave after only destroying one ship because no aircraft carriers, scared them into thinking America knew Where: Hawaii When: 1940's Why: Pushes US into war
Korematsu v. US
Who: Korematsu What: Korematsu tried to stay out of the Internment Camps, was found - Supreme Court Case says that the internment camps were valid. Where: Japan When: 1940's Why: Shows the poor decisions that the government made due to war panic.
Rommel
Who: Nazi in North Africa fighting Allies What: Seen as the Robert E Lee of Germany, always had less resources, yet won Where: From Germany, notable things in North Africa When: 1940's Why: He was one of the best generals that Germany had
Monty
Who: British General that beat Rommel What: Beat Rommel Where: North Africa When: 1940's Why: Beat Rommel
Dwight Eisenhower (IKE)
Who: Was in charge of Operation Torch, which was the North Africa stuff What: Was in charge of North Africa stuff Where: North Africa When: 1940's Why: North Africa is where a bulk of the Germans were fought.
Patton
Who: American general, thought to be the best they had; huge ego What: Destroys Rommel's army and serves as a distraction on D-Day Where: North Africa and Normandy When: 1940's Why: Massive benefit to the Allies
Operation Torch
Who: Churchill, FDR, Stalin What: Basically all of the WWII conflict in North Africa, Churchill does this because it's a safe way to fight the Nazi's while they get ready to retake France Where: North Africa When: 1940's Why: Main way for the Allies to fight Nazi's
Operation Overlord/D-Day
Who: SAC is Ike, Monty leading British forces, Bradley leading Americans What: Retaking of France - use Patton as a distraction, get to Normandy Where: France When: 1940's Why: Massive loss for Germany
Election of 1944
Who: FDR and Truman, Dewey What: FDR goes for his 4th term, crushes Dewey Where: US When: 1944 Why: FDR is elected, but will die during this term - doesn't tell Truman anything
Battle of the Bulge
Who: Hitler What: Last Battle against Germany, they lose, Hitler kills himself after marrying his mistress Where: Berlin When: 1940's Why: Last battle of war in Europe
The Philippines
Who: MacArthur What: Attacked after Pearl Harbor, MacArthur was told, but didn't get organized - got out anyway, caused a bunch of soldiers to get killed Where: phils When: 1940's Why: Bataan Death March, shows how brutal this part of the war will be, as well as MacArthur's ability to stay in the war showing America's hypocrisy
Battle of Coral Sea
Who: Under FDR What: Naval Battle between American's and Japanese, stops invasion of Australia, they never try again Where: Near Australia When: 1940's Why: Turned the tide, stopped Japan's winning streak
Battle of Midway
Who: Raymond A Spruance What: Find out where Japan is going to attack, bolster it, destroy four carriers Where: Midway When: 1940's Why: America starts determining where fights are after this, start the island hopping strategy
Guadalcanal
Who: Basilone, gets a lot of praise for this battle What: First land battle won against Japanese, lots of suicidal Japanese attacks - only time that the Japanese retreat Where: Guadalcanal Island When: 1940's Why: America continues their winning streak of battles, plus Japan suffers a lot more losses than America does
Return to Philippines
Who: MacArthur What: MacArthur returns to the Philippines and destroys the Japanese Navy there, retakes it Where: phils When: 1940's Why: America making up for early losses, very close to winning
Manhattan Project
Who: Truman, Stalin What: Nukes; one is tested at Potsdam and it works, plan is to ask for surrender from Japan, if it doesn't work, they'll nuke; end up nuking Hiroshima and Nagasaki Where: Potsdam, nuke Japan later When: 1940's Why: Basically the single deadliest attack ever unleashed
Nuremburg/Tokyo Trials
Who: America, Britain, and Russia What: Basically creating an international court system to try the Nazis and the Japanese; crimes were Crimes against humanity, agressive war, war crimes, conspiracy, varying punishments Where: Nuremburg/Tokyo When: 1940's Why: Creates international court and rules that countries will have to follow
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