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Ions
Charged particles that play crucial roles in various physiological processes.
Sodium (Na⁺)
Regulates fluid balance and is essential for nerve impulse transmission.
Potassium (K⁺)
Vital for muscle function and maintaining resting membrane potential in cells.
Calcium (Ca²⁺)
Important for bone health, muscle contraction, and neurotransmitter release.
Chloride (Cl⁻)
Helps maintain osmotic pressure and is involved in digestion (HCl in stomach).
Magnesium (Mg²⁺)
Supports enzyme function and energy production.
Homeostasis
The process by which the body maintains ion balance through kidneys, hormones, and dietary intake.
Imbalance Effects
Health issues that can arise from ion imbalance, such as dehydration, muscle cramps, or cardiac problems.
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