Overview of Ions in the Human Body

1. Definition: Ions are charged particles that play crucial roles in various physiological processes.

2. Key Ions:

   • Sodium (Na⁺): Regulates fluid balance and is essential for nerve impulse transmission.

   • Potassium (K⁺): Vital for muscle function and maintaining resting membrane potential in cells.

   • Calcium (Ca²⁺): Important for bone health, muscle contraction, and neurotransmitter release.

   • Chloride (Cl⁻): Helps maintain osmotic pressure and is involved in digestion (HCl in stomach).

   • Magnesium (Mg²⁺): Supports enzyme function and energy production.

3. Homeostasis: The body maintains ion balance through kidneys, hormones, and dietary intake.

4. Imbalance Effects: Can lead to health issues like dehydration, muscle cramps, or cardiac problems.