Studied by 6 people
Christopher Columbus
________ was a devout Christian who was increasingly haunted by messianic obsessions in the last years of his life.
European involvement
________ in the Americas led to profound transformation of pre- existing indigenous societies and the rise of a transatlantic slave trade.
Ptolemys work
________ provided significant improvements over medieval cartography, clearly depicting the world as round and introducing the idea of latitude and longitude to plot position accurately.
Iberian Peninsula
The passion and energy ignited by the Christian reconquista (reconquest) of the ________ encouraged the Portuguese and Spanish to continue the Christian crusade.
Middle East
The ________ served as an intermediary for trade between Asia, Africa, and Europe and was also an important supplier of goods for foreign exchange, especially silk and cotton.
Sultan Mohammed II
Under ________ (r. 1451- 1481), the Ottomans captured Europes largest city, Constantinople, in May 1453.
Sugar
________ was a particularly difficult and demanding crop to produce for profit.
magnetic compass
The ________ enabled sailors to determine their direction and position at sea.
Columbuss arrival
Before ________, the Americas were inhabited by thousands of groups of indigenous peoples, each with distinct cultures and languages.
Cortés
________ landed on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico on April 21, 1519.
steady population
In the sixteenth century Spain experienced a(n) ________ increase, creating a sharp rise in the demand for food and goods.
expensive luxury
Originally sugar was a(n) ________ that only the very affluent could afford, but population increases and monetary expansion in the fifteenth century led to increasing demand.
English colony
The first ________ was founded at Roanoke (in what is now North Carolina) in 1585.
Ville Marie
________, latter- day Montreal, was founded in 1642.
Frenchman Jacques Cartier
Between 1534 and 1541 ________ made several voyages and explored the St. Lawrence region of Canada, searching for a passage to the wealth of Asia.
German metal
The Venetians exchanged Eastern luxury goods for European products they could trade abroad, including Spanish and English wool, ________ goods, Flemish textiles, and silk cloth made in their own manufactures with imported raw materials.
Dutch
In the late sixteenth century the Protestant ________ were engaged in a long war of independence from their Spanish Catholic overlords.
Venice
In 1304 ________ established formal relations with the sultan of Mamluk Egypt, opening operations in Cairo, the gateway to Asian trade.
Racism
________ was not the only possible reaction to the new worlds emerging in the sixteenth century.
ancient Greeks
The astrolabe, an instrument invented by the ________ and perfected by Muslim navigators, was used to determine the altitude of the sun and other celestial bodies.
Mexica Empire
The ________ was ruled by Montezuma II (r. 1502- 1520) from his capital at Tenochtitlán, now Mexico City.
New World
The migration of peoples to the ________ led to an exchange of animals, plants, and disease, a complex process known as the Columbian exchange.
Slavery
________ was practiced in Africa, as it was virtually everywhere else in the world, before the arrival of Europeans.
India
________ was an important contributor of goods to the world trading system; much of the worlds pepper was grown there, and Indian cotton textiles were highly prized.
Indian Ocean
The ________ was the center of the Afroeurasian trade world.
French navigator
________ and explorer Samuel de Champlain founded the first permanent French settlement, at Quebec, in 1608, a year after the English founding of Jamestown.
Franciscan Bartolomé de Las Casas
The ________ (1474- 1566) was one of the most outspoken critics of Spanish brutality against indigenous people.
Christopher Columbus
________ is a controversial figure in history- glorified by some as a courageous explorer, vilified by others as a cruel exploiter of Native Americans.
