Apush Chapter 1 & 2

Nomadic hunters crossed the land bridge connecting Eurasia with North America in the area of the present-day Bering Sea between?

Siberia and Alaska

Where were the Incas located?

Peru

Where were the Mayans located?

Central America

Where were the Aztecs located?

Mexico

What was the main crop?

Corn

Pueblo

Rio Grande Valley

What crops did the pueblo grow?

corn, beans, squash

In North America, there were no dense concentrations of Indian populations and no complex nation-states developed. What is the exception?

The Aztecs and Iroquois.

Indians were defeated because of the 3 D's. List them.

Disease, Disorganization, and Disposability.

What did women do?

Tend Crops

What did men do?

They hunted and gathered fuel

What kind of culture did they have? Patrilinear or Matrilinear?

Matrilinear.

What is Animism?

religion in which nature is worshipped; everything in nature has a spirit

What is three sister farming? this rich diet made possible healthy, dense populations (Creek, Choctaw and Cherokee in the Southeast)

corn, beans, squash.

Christopher Columbus ships

Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria

How many weeks at sea did christopher columbus spend and when did he land.

He spent 6 weeks at sea and landed on october 12, 1492.

What ship did the Portuguese develop?

The Caravel

the Old World gained?

Staple Crops

The New World gained?

New animals for food and beasts of burden.

Initial motive of Spanish exploration?

The Spanish needed wealth to grow the nation.

They came to conquer and were therefore called?

Conquistadors

The Spanish came to find?

Land and Gold

who became the dominant colonizing power in the 1500s.

Spain

Most of the New World land went to?

Spain

Vasco da Gama reached India when?

1498

Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope when?

1488

This slave labor and trade becomes the origins of the

modern plantation system

Portuguese Set up trading posts for why?

Gold and Slaves

Portuguese Set up trading posts along where?

African Shore

What did Hernan Cortes do?

Conquered the Aztecs

Why did disease kill so much of the native population?

they had no natural resistance to the European diseases?

How much of the native population did disease kill?

90%

When did the encomienda come to a legal end?

1720

Why was the encomienda system created?

to control and regulate American Indian labor and behavior during the colonization of the Americas.

What is the encomienda system?

Spanish gov't gave Indians

to colonists as labor in return the Spanish promised to convert the Indians to Christianity. What system were the natives enslaved by?

Encomienda

Why were the conquistadors successful?

They had superior numbers and technology.

What Did Francisco Pizarro do?

Conquered the Incas

Goal of Spanish

Convert and/or Destroy the natives

When did John Smith return to england

1609

What was John Smiths valuable rule in the colony

If you don't work, you don't eat.

who emerged as Jamestown's only strong leader

John Smith

What were the early troubles of the colonists

Didn't know how to live in the woods or farm, didn't do manual labor, governing was ineffective.

When was Jamestown established?

1607

In 1606 King James granted a (Blank) to (Blank). Answer like (apples, bananas) no parenthesis.

When did Sir walter Raleigh return to roanoke?

1590

Why couldn't Sir Walter Raleigh come back to Roanoke fast enough?

The war with spain

Why did Sir Walter Raleigh go back to england

supplies

Sir Walter Raleigh sent how many people to colonize Roanoke?

118

Primogeniture is

the firstborn son inherits everything

Economic depression is

unemployment and surplus population

English merchants could trade and colonize without government financing through what?

Joint-Stock Companies

who saw colonies in America as a new market for manufactured goods.

English Merchants.

Tenant farmers were forced from the land and saw America as a chance for a better life, why?

The enclosure movement.

Who tried to establish a colony off of Newfoundland's coast?

Sir Humphrey Gilbert

Who was a famous Sea Dog?

Sir Francis Drake

Sea dogs did what?

Loot ships

What did america have to offer?

Competition with spain and freedom from rligious persecution.

were spain and england ever allies?

yes, before the reformation.

What did the French find instead of the Northwest Passage?

Valuable fishing waters and opportunity to trade for furs.

the Northwest Passage is?

northern route through North America to the Pacific Ocean and on to the Spice Islands.

The French begin to explore the New World in search of

The Northwest Passage.

Las Casas criticized

the Spanish desire for wealth at the expense of the natives.

Pueblo Revolt (aka Popé's Rebellion) 1680

Pueblo rebels destroyed every Catholic church in the province and killed many priests and hundreds of Spanish settlers

Mestizos

a new race of mixed Indian and Spanish children was created

What is the combo that caused a crisis

Not enough food, No strong leadership, Colonists stole from Indians, Indians attacked.

When was "Starving Time"

Winter of 1609-1610

What did John Rolfe do and who did he marry? (blank),(Blank) no parenthesis in answer

He experimented with tobacco, he married Pocahontas

What did the VA Company do that led to large numbers of indentured servants?

Gave 50 acres of land to anyone who came or paid passage for someone to come to Jamestown.

What are Cavaliers?

supporters of the king

In 1619, three important things took place in Jamestown:

Single women came to town, Africans came as indentured servants against their will, House of Burgesses met.

Who was maryland a haven for?

catholics

When was Maryland established?

1634

Who was Maryland established by?

Lord Baltimore

What was the At of Toleration?

toleration for all Christians who accept the Trinity, but death penalty to atheists and Jews who denied Christ's divinity

What did the Barbados Slave Code of 1661 do?

It provided a legal base for slavery in the Caribbean island of Barbados.

When was the Barbados Slave code adopted by South Carolina?

1696

When was Charles II restored to throne

1660

when Charles II was restored to throne what did he do? (2 things friend)

granted charters to 8 aristocrats to found colonies in North America, established close ties to the West Indies

What became the main export

Indian Slaves

Emergence of North Carolina

Made up of poverty-stricken outcasts and religious dissenters from VA, Separated in 1712

North Carolina and Rhode Island share 2 traits:

Most democratic and open-minded colonies, Least aristocratic colonies

Georgia founded when by who? (Year, Person) No parenthesis in answer.

1733, James Oglethorpe

What was georgia founded as?

A penal colony.