Chapter 7 - Land and Water Use

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32 Terms

1

high input

A system characterized by ________ agriculture that is focused on maximizing productivity and profitability.

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2

Carbamate

Type of pesticide that affects the nervous system of pets and has a higher risk of being dissolved in surface water.

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3

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

________ are synthetic organic compounds that belong to a group of chemicals known as persistent organic pollutants (POPS)

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4

Healthy diet

________ requires a balanced intake of protein, carbohydrates, and fat.

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5

Fertilizer

________ that originates from an organic source.

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6

Pesticide runoff

________ and it affects aquatic environments.

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7

Chemical fertilizers

________ contain salts that plant roots absorb quickly, but don't provide a food source for microorganisms or earthworms.

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8

Farmers markets

________ feature foods sold by farmers directly to consumers.

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9

Alley Cropping (Agroforestry)

Method of planting crops in strips with rows of trees or shrubs on either side.

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10

Conservation Tillage

Leaves at least 30% of crop residue on the soil surface during the critical soil erosion period.

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11

Contour Farming

Farming with row patterns that run nearly level around the hill.

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12

Crop Rotation

Planting a field with different crops throughout the year to reduce soil nutrient depletion.

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13

High-Input Agriculture

Includes the use of mechanized equipment, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides.

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14

Industrial Agriculture or Corporate Farming

A system characterized by high-input agriculture that is focused on maximizing productivity and profitability.

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15

Intercropping

To grow more than 1 crop in the same field.

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16

Interplanting

Growing two different crops in the same area at the same time.

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17

Low-Input

Depends on hand tools and natural fertilizers

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18

Monoculture

The cultivation of a single crop

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19

No Till

Inject seeds into slits or holes in the soil by a machine to minimize soil disturbance.

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20

Organic Farming

A form of agriculture that relies on crop rotation, green manure, compost, biological pest control, and mechanical cultivation to maintain soil productivity and control pests.

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21

Polyculture

Uses different crops in the same space, in imitation of diversity of natural ecosystems.

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22

Subsistence

Agriculture carried out for survival. Usually organic.

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23

Terracing

Graduated steps used to farm on hilly or mountainous terrain.

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24

Tillage

Conventional method in which the surface is plowed which breaks up and exposes the soil.

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25

Fertilizer

Provides plants with nutrients needed to grow healthy and strong.

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26

Inorganic Fertilizer

Type of fertilizer mined from mineral deposits and manufactured from synthetic compounds.

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27

Organic Fertilizer

Fertilizer that originates from an organic source.

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28

Biological Pesticide

Living organisms to deal with pests. Examples include bacteria, ladybugs, milky spore disease, parasitic wasps, and certain viruses.

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29

Fumigants

Used to sterilize soil and prevent pest infestation of stored grain.

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30

Inorganic Pesticides

Broad-based pesticides that include arsenic, copper, lead and mercury.

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31

Organic or Natural Pesticides

Natural poisons derived from plants.

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32

Organophosphates

Extremely toxic but remain in the environment for only a brief time.

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