Mastering Energy Conservation Mechanisms and Efficiency

Energy Conservation

Finding and implementing ways to use less energy, often involving lifestyle changes.

Energy Efficiency

Getting the same result from a smaller amount of energy, typically involving technology.

Passive Solar Design

Construction techniques that utilize solar energy for thermal comfort without mechanical devices.

R-Value

Measure of thermal resistance; higher R-value means better insulating power.

Cogeneration (CHP)

Combined Heat and Power system that generates electricity and captures waste heat.

Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)

Regulations to improve the average fuel economy of cars and light trucks in the U.S.

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)

Vehicles combining gasoline engines with electric motors to increase fuel efficiency.

Regenerative Braking

System where the electric motor converts kinetic energy back into stored chemical energy when braking.

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

Vehicles that run purely on electricity, producing zero tailpipe emissions.

Smart Grid

An electrical grid using digital technology to improve efficiency and responsiveness.

Urban Heat Island effect

Phenomenon where urban areas are significantly warmer than their rural surroundings.

Double-Paned Windows

Windows with two layers of glass, reducing heat loss compared to single-pane windows.

Insulation

Material that slows down heat transfer, improving energy efficiency in buildings.

Orientation (for Passive Solar Design)

Design principle where large windows face South in the Northern Hemisphere to maximize heat gain.

Overhangs/Awnings

Roof features designed to shade windows in summer while allowing sunlight in during winter.

Thermal Mass

Materials that absorb and retain heat, helping to maintain indoor temperature stability.

Vampire Energy

Phantom load; power drawn by plugged-in electronics even when they are turned off.

Variable Pricing

Pricing strategy where electricity costs more during peak usage times to promote off-peak consumption.

Peak Demand

Times of highest energy usage when utility companies must meet increased demand.

Energy (kWh) formula

Energy is calculated as Power (kW) multiplied by Time (hours).

Passive vs. Active Solar

Distinction where passive solar relies on design features and active solar uses mechanical devices.

Phantom Load

Power used by electronic devices when they are in standby mode.

Northern Hemisphere sun orientation

Inhabiting buildings should face South to maximize solar energy collection.

Efficiency Limits

The principle that no system can be 100% efficient due to energy loss as lower-quality heat.

Green Roofs

Roofing systems that incorporate vegetation for insulation and rainwater absorption.

LED Lightbulb

Energy-efficient light bulbs using less electricity to produce the same light output as traditional bulbs.