Chapter 14 - Economic Transformation

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Vasco da Gama

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1

Vasco da Gama

________ and his Portuguese successors sailed into a world of Indian Ocean trade, regularly unlike anything they had ever seen before.

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2

Americas

Slavery in the ________ and the Atlantic slave trade was the most recent large- scale manifestations of a very common human practice: the ownership and exchange of human people.

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3

Dutch

The ________ and English, who both entered the Indian Ocean trade in the early seventeenth century, were far more significant as European competitors for the spice trade than the Spanish.

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4

Indian Ocean

The Portuguese established a "trading post empire "in the ________, to control trade rather than vast territory or populations, and doing so by the power of armies rather than economic rivalry.

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5

Demand for tropical spices

cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, cloves, and, above all, pepper — which were widely used as sauces and preservatives and were often regarded as aphrodisiacs — was the most urgent impetus for this huge effort

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6

Portuguese

opportunity in these circumstances since their ships could outgun and outmaneuver rival naval forces, while their onboard guns could destroy coastal defenses

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7

Silver

"traveled across the world and made the world go round."

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