________ and his Portuguese successors sailed into a world of Indian Ocean trade, regularly unlike anything they had ever seen before.
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Americas
Slavery in the ________ and the Atlantic slave trade was the most recent large- scale manifestations of a very common human practice: the ownership and exchange of human people.
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Dutch
The ________ and English, who both entered the Indian Ocean trade in the early seventeenth century, were far more significant as European competitors for the spice trade than the Spanish.
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Indian Ocean
The Portuguese established a "trading post empire "in the ________, to control trade rather than vast territory or populations, and doing so by the power of armies rather than economic rivalry.
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Demand for tropical spices
cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, cloves, and, above all, pepper — which were widely used as sauces and preservatives and were often regarded as aphrodisiacs — was the most urgent impetus for this huge effort
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Portuguese
opportunity in these circumstances since their ships could outgun and outmaneuver rival naval forces, while their onboard guns could destroy coastal defenses
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Silver
"traveled across the world and made the world go round."
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