Bio Final Study Guide (NOT FINISHED)

Centrosomes

________- structures that form the mitotic spindle (the spindle fibers that allow cell division to occur)

Diploid

________- describes a set of chromosomes in which each chromosome has a homologue.

Spindle fibers

________ attach to the kinetochores (a disk- shaped protein) of chromosomes, located at their centromeres.

Gel electrophoresis

________- separates DNA based on fragment size in order to create a DNA fingerprint.

Heterozygous

________- when an organism has two different alleles for a trait.

Disruptive selection

________- two extremes diverge until they become reproductively isolated.

Golden rice

What was produced by inserting the gene for beta carotene? Answer with a single words or term.

Mitosis

________- produces two daughter cells of about the same size with the same genetic information for the purposes of: Interphase- the part of the cell cycle that takes the greatest amount of time that occurs between divisions.

Pedigree

________- a diagram that shows a trait is inherited over generations.

Stigma

________- the part of a plant that releases pollen.

Anther

________- the part of a plant that receives pollen.

Abiotic factors

________- include all the non- living things that affect an organism.

Differential Reproduction

________- Individuals that are best fit for their environment will survive and reproduce better than others, creating offspring that are also likely to be successful due to the variations of traits that they inherited.

Gregor Mendel

________ experimented with pea plants and discovered many things regarding heredity.

DNA

What is replicated: there are two copies of each chromosome? Answer with a single words or term.

Mitosis

________- produces two daughter cells of about the same size with the same genetic information for the purposes of: Interphase- the part of the cell cycle that takes the greatest amount of time that occurs between divisions.

Gregor Mendel

________ experimented with pea plants and discovered many things regarding heredity.

Codominance

________- both alleles for a gene are expressed when an organism is heterozygous.

Genetic variation

________- organisms within a population have differing traits, some of which can be inherited or arise randomly.

Interphase

Mitosis- produces two daughter cells of about the same size with the same genetic information for the purposes of: ________- the part of the cell cycle that takes the greatest amount of time that occurs between divisions.

Testcross

________- when an unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive genotype.

Mendel

________ noticed that with many traits, one form appeared in all the offspring in the F1 generation, masking out the other.

Coevolution

________- when two or more species adapt to each others influence.

Endosymbiosis

________- the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were originally independent prokaryotes that entered larger prokaryotes and formed eukaryotes.