In exchange for arranging large loans to ________, Jacob Fugger was given a monopoly over silver, copper, and mercury mines in the Habsburg possessions of central Europe that produced profits in excess of 50 percent per year.
2
New cards
Spanish monarchy
The ________ was strong enough by the sixteenth century to pursue power both in Europe and beyond.
3
New cards
Mercantilist theory
________ on the role of colonies was matched in practice by Europes overseas expansion.
4
New cards
Christopher Columbus
________ used this technique in his voyages to the Americas, and others relied on their new knowledge of the winds to round the continent of Africa in search of the Spice Islands.
5
New cards
Baltic
Trade within Europe remained strong throughout the eighteenth century as wheat, timber, and naval stores from the ________, wines from France, wool and fruit from Spain, and silk from Italy were exchanged along with a host of other products.
6
New cards
1419
In ________, Prince Henry founded a school for navigators on the southwestern coast of Portugal.
7
New cards
Portuguese ships
In 1441, ________ reached the Senegal River, just north of Cape Verde, and brought home a cargo of black Africans, most of whom were then sold as slaves to wealthy buyers elsewhere in Europe.
8
New cards
joint stock company
The ________ made it easier to raise large amounts of capital for world trading ventures.
9
New cards
Canada
In 1663, ________ was made the property of the French crown and administered by a French governor like a French province.
10
New cards
Americas
Europeans brought horses and cattle to the ________, which revolutionized the life of the Indians.
11
New cards
Potatoes
________ became especially popular as a dietary staple in some areas of Europe.
12
New cards
Portuguese trading posts
The ________ in the East had little direct impact on native Asian civilizations, although Dutch control of the Indonesian archipelago was more pervasive.
13
New cards
commercial expansion
The ________ of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was made easier by new forms of commercial organization, especially the joint- stock company.