APUSH Unit 7: The Great War and the Roaring Twenties

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germany's policy of sinking merchant ships without warning, threatening U.S. freedom of the seas.

Zimmerman Telegram

A German dispatch proposing an alliance with Mexico against the U.S., intensifying public sentiment for war.

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)

American troops led by General John J. Pershing that fought as an independent unit during WWI.

War Industries Board (WIB)

A U.S. government agency that directed military production and allocated resources during WWI.

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

The government's propaganda arm during WWI that aimed to promote war bonds and anti-German sentiment.

Espionage Act (1917)

A law that criminalized criticism of the U.S. war effort during WWI.

Sedition Act (1918)

A law that made it illegal to criticize the government or the war during WWI.

Schenck v. United States (1919)

A Supreme Court case that established the 'Clear and Present Danger' test for limiting free speech.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended WWI, which the U.S. Senate refused to ratify.

League of Nations

An international organization proposed by Wilson to resolve disputes peacefully and prevent future wars.

Fourteen Points

Wilson's proposed principles for peace after WWI, focused on free trade, arms reduction, and self-determination.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement in the 1920s characterized by a flourishing of African American art, literature, and music.

Great Migration

The movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban North during and after WWI.

Prohibition

The nationwide ban on alcohol production and sale imposed by the 18th Amendment.

Flappers

Young women in the 1920s who challenged traditional gender roles by embracing modern fashion and behavior.

The Scopes 'Monkey' Trial

A 1925 trial that showcased the conflict between modern science and religious fundamentalism.

Palmer Raids

Government raids led by A. Mitchell Palmer during the First Red Scare to arrest and deport suspected radicals.

Sacco and Vanzetti Case

The trial of two Italian anarchists whose conviction highlighted prejudice against immigrants in the 1920s.

Emergency Quota Act (1921)

A law that restricted immigration to 3% of a nationality's U.S. population as of 1910.

National Origins Act (1924)

Legislation that reduced immigration quotas to 2% based on the 1890 census and targeted 'New Immigrants'.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK) Resurgence

The revival of the KKK in the 1920s that targeted immigrants, Catholics, Jews, and African Americans.

Clear and Present Danger

A legal standard established by the Supreme Court that justifies limiting free speech in times of national threat.

Installment Plans

A credit system that allowed consumers to buy goods by paying in small amounts over time.

Cultural Wars

Conflicts between modernists and traditionalists during the 1920s over social norms and values.

Industrial Supplies Impact

The vast industrial resources supplied by the U.S. that contributed to the Allied victory in WWI.

Isolationism

A foreign policy stance where a nation avoids involvement in international conflicts, predominant in the 1920s.

Constitutional Rights

Legal protections and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, often restricted during wartime.