Definition: Process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2.
Stages:
Light-dependent reactions: Occur in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, require light energy to split water molecules and produce ATP and NADPH.
Calvin cycle (Light-independent reactions): Occur in stroma of chloroplasts, use ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 into glucose.
Importance:
Produces oxygen as a byproduct, essential for respiration.
Primary source of energy for most living organisms.
Regulates atmospheric CO2 levels.
Factors affecting photosynthesis:
Light intensity.
Carbon dioxide concentration.
Temperature.
Adaptations:
Chlorophyll pigment absorbs light.
Leaf structure maximizes light absorption.
Significance:
Basis of the food chain.
Sustains life on Earth.
Environmental impact:
Helps reduce greenhouse gases.
Influences climate change.