Chapter 24: The Crisis of European Culture, 1871-1914
- Second Industrial Revolution
- Fueled chemical and electrical industries
- Allowed Europe to embrace a “mass culture”
- Countries without strong coal and iron resources were able to industrialize
- Rate of urbanization continued to boom (1872-1914)
- “Great Depression” of 19th century (1873-1914)
- Cartels: firms working together to set price and production levels
- European industrialization had distinct geographical regions
- North and West: industrial
- South and East: agricultural
- In England in 1900, the declining standard of living led to the development of trade unions
- Liberals were forced to reform due to Fabian Society and Labor Party
- Third French Republic
- Created single national culture
- Dreyfus Affair (1894)
- Example of Nationalism leading to xenophobia
- Vienna was the center and capital of the Austrian Empire
- Women were removed from public roles in the 19th century
- Denied educational and economical opportunities
- Unequal divorce rights
- Middle class women started to push for equal rights
- Most feminists were women, but most women weren’t feminists
- Popular support and politics became model for change
- Germany had the biggest Women’s Socialist movement
- Zionism: Jewish nationalist movement with the purpose of creating a free and independent Jewish state in the Palestine area
- Anarchism mostly affected western Europe
- All political movements were temporarily stopped by the War of 1914
- Social Sciences: Archaeology, Economy, History, Psychology, Criminology, and Biological Determinism
- “New Women”
- Reaction against cult of domesticity
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