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Chemists
________ use moles to quantify atoms and molecules.
gaseous atoms
By dislodging an electron from each atom or molecule, collisions between electrons and ________ produce positive ions.
quantitative analysis of reactants
The ________ and products in a chemical reaction is known as stoichiometry.
Chemists
________ have devised a standard way to depict chemical reactions using chemical equations to communicate with one another.
Atomic mass
mass of an atom in atomic mass units, according to international consensus (amu)
One atomic mass unit
defined as a mass that is one-twelfth that of a carbon-12 atom
Mole (mol)
amount of a substance in the SI system that has the same number of elementary entities as there are atoms in 12 g (or 0.012 kg) of carbon-12 isotope
Molecular mass (in AMU)
mass of one molecule
Stoichiometry
quantitative analysis of reactants and products in a chemical reaction
Excess reactants
present in greater quantities than are required to react with the limiting reagent
Theoretical yield
determined by the amount of limiting reactant present at the start of the reaction—that is, the amount of product that would result if all of the limiting reactants reacted
Actual yield
amount of product obtained from a reaction, is smaller than the theoretical yield
Percent yield
ratio of the actual yield to the expected yield, to measure how effective a reaction is
Note 
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