Chapter 11: What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Belonging, and Achievement

Instinct

________:** a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.

Yerkes Dodson

________ law:** the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.

Incentive

________**: a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

Glucose

________:** the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues.

Human motivation

________ aims not to eliminate arousal but to seek optimum levels of arousal.

Motivation

________**: a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

Leptin

________: Protein hormone secreted by fat cells; when abundant, causes the brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger.

Orexin

________: Hunger- triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus.

Genes

________ do predispose some species- typical behavior.

PYY

________: Digestive tract hormone; sends "Im not hungry "signals to the brain.

Ghrelin

________: Hormone secreted by the empty stomach; sends "Im hungry "signals to the brain.

Homeostasis

________**: a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.

Insulin

________: Hormone secreted by the pancreas; controls blood glucose.

Instinct theory

________ (now replaced by the evolutionary perspective) focuses on genetically predisposed behaviors.

Drive Reduction Theory

________:** the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.

complex interaction of appetite hormones

The ________ and brain activity helps explain the bodys predisposition to maintain a particular weight.

Blood vessels

________ connect the hypothalamus to the rest of the body, so it can respond to our current blood chemistry and other incoming information.

Arousal theory

________ focuses on finding the right level of stimulation.

Physiological needs

________ (such as for food or water) create an aroused, motivated state- a drive (such as hunger or thirst)- that pushes us to reduce the need.

Drive reduction

________ is one way our bodies strive for homeostasis.

complex behavior

To become an instinct, a(n) ________ must have a fixed pattern throughout a species and be unlearned.

Instincts

________ can not explain most human motives the main assumption endures in evolutionary psychology.

Instinct theory

________ viewed our instincts as the source of our motivation.

Drive reduction theory

________ focuses on how we respond to our inner pushes.