15_Photosynthesis.pdf

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15 Terms

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What is photosynthesis?
The process by which plants, some bacteria, and protistans convert sunlight energy into glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
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Photosynthesis word equation
Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
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Function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy which is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
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What are accessory pigments?
Pigments such as chlorophyll b, xanthophylls, and carotenoids that capture additional light energy not absorbed by chlorophyll a.
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Key role of stomata in leaves
Stomata allow the exchange of gases; carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits the leaf.
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What is photolysis in photosynthesis?
The splitting of water molecules into oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons during the light-dependent reactions.
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Differences between light-dependent and light-independent reactions
Light-dependent reactions require light to produce ATP and NADPH, while light-independent reactions use these products to synthesize carbohydrates.
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What is the function of thylakoids?
Thylakoids are the structural units of photosynthesis, housing chlorophyll and involved in the light-dependent reactions.
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What is the Z scheme?
The pathway of electron flow during photosynthesis involving Photosystem II and Photosystem I.
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Role of ATP in photosynthesis
ATP provides energy for the conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose in light-independent reactions.
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What is cyclic phosphorylation?
A process that generates additional ATP without producing NADPH, utilizing only Photosystem I.
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Describe the Calvin Cycle
A series of reactions in the light-independent stage of photosynthesis where carbon dioxide is fixed into carbohydrates.
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Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis
Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature are the main limiting factors.
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Optimal wavelengths for PSI and PSII
PSI absorbs energy most efficiently at 700 nm, while PSII is at 680 nm.
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What is carbon fixation?
The process of incorporating carbon dioxide into organic compounds during photosynthesis.