More AP CSP Stuff

routing

the process of finding a path from the sender to the receiver

bandwidth

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time

Computing Device

is a single device that can run a program or complete computing by itself. This could be a calculator, an iPhone, or a MacBook.

Computing System

contains multiple computing devices; it is a group of devices working together. This includes software, hardware, servers, etc.

Computing Network

is a system where different computers and communicate with each other; it allows data to move from one place to another. It lets you send a text to a friend or receive an email.

Path

is the journey that data travels to reach its final destination, like from one from to another.

Internet Protocol

a computer asking another computer for information to be sent/received is a protocol, or set of rules, for routing and addressing packets of data so that they can travel across networks and arrive at the correct destination

Redundancy

has multiple ways to get to a destination so if a line goes down, you'd never know, and your information would still have a way to be sent/received.

Fault tolerance

makes sure that the computer can still work even when something goes wrong or fails

Sockets

is like a two-way communication channel to both send and receive data over a network. A single socket is one of the endpoints in the two-point communication system.

Get Request

is a way for you to request data from a source through the internet.

Post Request

is a way to send data to a server to create or update a source.

Cookie

small piece of data that a website puts on a user's computer and then retrieves it in the future. It is used when wanting to keep a user logged in, remembering preferences, etc.

UDP

User Datagram Protocol. Used instead of TCP when guaranteed delivery of each packet is not necessary. UDP uses a best-effort delivery mechanism.

Protocol

An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system universal rules that computers use to communicate with each other

IP Address

The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet. it is a unique 32-bit number that is assigned to a device connected to a network

Internet Protocol (IP)

a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device

Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network it connects multiple computer networks together and finds the fastest way possible for packets of information to get to their destination

Fault Tolerant

Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpectedtimes, often in groups.

Datastream

Information passed through the internet in packets.

Packet

A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all.

Packet Metadata

Data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A protocol for sending packets that does error-checking to ensure all packets are received and properly ordered

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped packets

Scalability

the capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

The Domain Name System (DNS)

the system responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP addresses

World Wide Web

a system of linked pages, programs, and files

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

a protocol for computers to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the Internet

What are the 3 Major Parts of the internet?

1. First and Last Mile

2. Internet Hub

3. Internet Backbone

What is the last mile?

Refers to the final leg of the telecommunications networks delivery components and mechanisms to retail end-users (customers). is the part of the internet that connects homes and small businesses to the internet. Currently, about 60 percent of residential internet connections in the United States are provided by cable TV companies such as Comcast and Time Warner.

What is the Internet Hub?

are rooms full of servers that store user data and host online apps and content. Some are owned by large companies such as Google and Facebook. Others are commercial facilities that provide service to many smaller websites.

What is the Internet Backbone?

consists of long-distance networks — mostly on fiber optic cables — that carry data between data centers and consumers.