Chapter 13 - Chemical Kinetics

overall balanced chemical equation

A(n) ________ does not provide much information about how a reaction occurs.

catalyst

A(n) ________ is a chemical that lowers the activation energy of a process, increasing the pace of the reaction.

elementary step

The number of molecules reacting in a(n) ________ determines the reaction's molecularity.

rate law

Which is defined as the sum of the powers to which all of the reactant concentrations in the ________ are elevated.

Intermediate species

________, such as N2O2, are so- called because they occur in the reaction mechanism but not in the overall balanced equation.

B

The relationships between the concentrations of reactants A and ________ and the reaction rate are specified by the exponents x and y.

Enzymes

________ are ________ that act as biological catalysts.

Enzyme catalysis

________ is the most spectacular and important of all the complicated mechanisms that have evolved in living systems.

Kinetic energy

energy available as a result of an object's motion

Chemical kinetics

branch of chemistry that studies the rates at which chemical reactions take place

Rate of a reaction

defined as the change in the concentration of a reactant or a product over time (M/s)

Rate of a reaction

proportional to the concentration of reactants, and the rate constant is the proportionality constant k

Half-life (t1)

assess the rate of a reaction by linking concentration to time

Half-life (t1 2)

time it takes for a reactant's concentration to drop to half of its initial concentration

Second-order reaction

rate of the reaction is determined by the concentration of one reactant raised to the second power or the concentrations of two separate reactants raised to the first power

Activation energy (Ea)

smallest amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Bimolecular reaction

basic step in which two molecules interact

Unimolecular reaction

simple reaction in which only one reacting molecule is involved