Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

A type of anemia caused by low iron levels, leading to fewer red blood cells and less hemoglobin.

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that contains iron and is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.

Symptoms of Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Lethargy, shortness of breath, pale skin, increased heart rate, and abnormal cravings among others.

CBC

Complete Blood Count; a blood test used to detect anemia by assessing red blood cells and hemoglobin levels.

At-risk groups for Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Women of childbearing age, vegetarians or vegans, individuals with gastrointestinal disorders, or those with heavy blood loss.

Iron-rich foods

Foods that can help prevent or treat Iron-Deficiency Anemia, including egg yolks, legumes, leafy greens, and red meats.

Pathophysiology of Anemia

Decreased production of red blood cells and hemoglobin which results in reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in the body.

Signs and Symptoms mnemonic for Iron Deficiency Anemia

L.O.W.W.I.I.R.O.N.N - Lethargic, Overexerted easily, Weird food cravings, White-faced, Inflammation of tongue, Increased heart rate, Reduced hemoglobin, Observe changes in RBCs, Nail changes, Neuro change.

Diagnosis of Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Typically involves a CBC and may include a blood smear to assess red blood cell characteristics.

Treatments for Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Include dietary changes to incorporate more iron, iron supplements, and in severe cases, IV iron or blood transfusions.

Ferrous Sulfate

An iron supplement used to treat iron-deficiency anemia, available in tablet and liquid form.

Nursing Interventions

Monitoring for bleeding, assessing dietary intake, educating about iron supplement intake, and promoting iron-rich foods.

Low iron levels

Result in the production of fewer red blood cells and less hemoglobin, leading to insufficient oxygen delivery to the body.

Normal Hemoglobin levels

Male: 13 – 18 g/dL; Female: 12 – 16 g/dL.

Normal Hematocrit levels

Male: 39% - 54%; Female: 36% - 48%.