Chapter 2 - Reactions of Organic Compounds

Esterification

________ reaction:** reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form an ester.

Markovnikovs rule

________:*** states that the halogen atom or OH group in an addition reaction is usually added to the more substituted carbon atom- the carbon atom that is bonded to the largest number of other carbon atoms*

Symmetrical alkene

________*: has identical groups on either side of the double bond.

Proteins

________: a natural polymer that is composed of monomers called amino acids amino acids: organic compounds that contain amino and carboxyl functional groups**

Carbohydrate

________ /saccharide**: a biological molecule that contains either an aldehyde or ketone group, along with two or more hydroxyl groups; used in cellular respiration.

Substitution

________ reaction**: hydrogen atom or a functional group is replaced by a different functional group.

organic reaction

Oxidation:** in a(n) ________ a carbon atom forms more bonds to oxygen, O, or less bonds to hydrogen.

Polysaccharides

________: polymers that contain many saccharide units search: glucose polysaccharide that is used by plants to store energy**

hydrolysis reaction

In a(n) ________, the ester or amide bond is* split*

Condensation

________ Polymerization: reaction in which monomers are joined together by the formation of ester or amide bonds nylon /polyamides: ________ polymers that contain amide bondsPolyesters: ________ polymers that contain ester bonds**

DNA

________ (2- deoxyribonucleic acid): a biological molecule that determines the shape and structure of all organismsNucleotides: monomer of DNA that contains sugar, a phosphate group, and base RNA (ribonucleic acid): type of nucleic acid that converts data from ________ to protein; also made up of nucleotides**

biological molecules

Lipids: ________ that are not soluble in water, but are soluble in non- polar solvents, such as benzene and hexanesFats: lipids that contain glycerol molecules: structure as fats, but are classified as being liquid at room temperature, while fats are solids at room temperature waxes: esters of long- chain alcohols and long- chain carboxylic acids**