Chapter 1: Introduction to Environmental Sciences (Part 1) (copy)

Protons neutrons

________ and electrons are mostly empty space which is 99 %.

phosphate backbone

The ________ (indicated by the curvy lines) is on the outside and the base is on the inside.

CO2

________ is a molecule because it is made up of one carbon atoms and 2 oxygen atoms.

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________ is a carbon molecule that shows a carbon atom in the middle and four hydrogen atoms (different) surrounding it.

Outermost

________- holds its elections in orbit around the nucleus.

Digestion

________) and are usually complex proteins* Each one has specific shapes or formations based on how its used* They may breakdown, rearrange or synthesize reactions.

potassium

Elements such as carbon, ________ and uranium have naturally occurring isotopes.

ions

When atoms gain or lose electrons, ________ are formed.

Radioactive decay

________ describe the energy loss that occurs when an unstable atoms nucleus release radiation.

Nucleus

________- the center of the atom and which contains the protons and neutrons.

Methane

________ (CH4)- these covalent bonds between atoms in hydrocarbons store great amounts of energy and is released when molecules are oxidized (burned) ________ is an excellent fuel and is also the simplest hydrocarbon molecule.

protons

Atoms contain ________, neutrons and electrons among other subatomic particles.

electron

Each ________ has a negative charge which is equal to the positive charge of a proton.

atmosphere

The ________ is rich in nitrogen and oxygen but contains little carbon and hydrogen whilst the earths crust does contain oxygen and small amounts of hydrogen it has little nitrogen and carbon.

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________- CJavaJavaScriptJSONPerlPHPPowershellPythonRubyRustSQLTypeScriptYAMLCopyLipids* Include a diverse group of compounds such as fats, oil, waxes, phospholipids and steroids (nonpolar in nature)* Nonpolar molecules are "water- fearing "(hydrophobic) or insoluble in water* Lipids have important roles in storing energy and building cell membranes throughout the body.

sort of substance

The matter is any ________ that uses up space and has mass.

Atoms

________ are the smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties found of an element.

Electrons

________ contribute a lot towards the charge of the atom.

subset of organic molecules

These are a(n) ________ that are very important for life.

organic molecules

These are ________ that consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen.

N Methane

________ has a tetrahedral geometry with four hydrogen atoms spaced 109.5° apart.

nitrogen atom

It contains one ________ and three oxygen atoms and has an overall.

N n Hydrocarbons

________ may exist as linear carbon chains, carbon rings and combinations of both.

Carbon

________ is also a versatile element for basic structural components of macromolecules.

stable atomic configurations

Emit neutrons, protons, and electrons and attain more ________ (lower level of potential energy)

chemical elements

There are 118 ________ 92 occur naturally.

basic functional unit of life

The ________ is a cell.

Positive ions

________ (sodium Na+) lose one or more electrons.

ions molecules

Some ________ are charged due to the ions they contain.

neutral atoms

In ________ (uncharged) the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.

unique forms of matter

Elements are ________ with very specific properties (chemical and physical)

Protons

________ are positively charged.

Carbon

________ has unique properties that allow it to form covalent bonds with as many as four different atoms.

Electrons

________ that surround all atoms are negatively charged and negative charges repel each other.

Protons

________ and neutrons have approx. the same mass about 1.67 (10- 24)

Nucleus

the center of the atom and which contains the protons and neutrons

Outermost

holds its elections in orbit around the nucleus

Nitrate (NO3-)

common source for plants

Methane (CH4)

these covalent bonds between atoms in hydrocarbons store great amounts of energy and is released when molecules are oxidized (burned) methane is an excellent fuel and is also the simplest hydrocarbon molecule

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