Chapter 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

micropyle

The ________, the single hole through the integument, permits a pollen particle to enter.

megaspore

A(n) ________ matures into a female gametophyte that lays an egg.

male gametophyte

The ________ creates a pollen tube that releases sperm, fertilizing the egg.

fleshy megasporangium

A(n) ________ is covered by a protective layer of tissue termed an integument in this longitudinal slice through the ovule of pine (a gymnosperm)

Ovaries

________ mature into fruits, which frequently transport seeds to other sites by wind, water, or animals.

Flowers

________ and fruits are examples of angiosperm reproductive adaptations (pp.

sepals

Flowers are made up of four different sorts of modified leaves: ________, petals, stamens (which generate pollen), and carpels (which produce ovules)

Fertilization

Gymnosperm seedling ________ causes the ovule to develop into a seed, which contains a sporophyte embryo, a food supply, and a protective seed coat formed from the integument.

Human well

________- being is dependent on seed plants.

mid Cretaceous

Flowering plants first appeared some 140 million years ago, and by the ________ (100 million years ago), they had begun to dominate some terrestrial ecosystems.

Megasporangia

________ in gymnosperms are encircled by a single integument, but those in angiosperms are generally enclosed by two.

female gametophyte

A(n) ________ grows from a megaspore and produces one or more eggs inside each ovule (from the Latin ovulum, small egg)

Gymnosperms

________ produce "naked "seeds, which are frequently seen on cones.

destruction of habitat

The ________ threatens the extinction of many plant species as well as the animal species that rely on them.

megasporangium

The ________ is encased and protected by an integument layer of sporophyte tissue.

Gymnosperms

________ and angiosperms are the two monophyletic groupings of living seed plants.

Gymnosperms

________ first emerge in the fossil record of plants and dominated numerous Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems.