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micropyle
The ________, the single hole through the integument, permits a pollen particle to enter.
megaspore
A(n) ________ matures into a female gametophyte that lays an egg.
male gametophyte
The ________ creates a pollen tube that releases sperm, fertilizing the egg.
fleshy megasporangium
A(n) ________ is covered by a protective layer of tissue termed an integument in this longitudinal slice through the ovule of pine (a gymnosperm)
Ovaries
________ mature into fruits, which frequently transport seeds to other sites by wind, water, or animals.
Flowers
________ and fruits are examples of angiosperm reproductive adaptations (pp.
sepals
Flowers are made up of four different sorts of modified leaves: ________, petals, stamens (which generate pollen), and carpels (which produce ovules)
Fertilization
Gymnosperm seedling ________ causes the ovule to develop into a seed, which contains a sporophyte embryo, a food supply, and a protective seed coat formed from the integument.
Human well
________- being is dependent on seed plants.
mid Cretaceous
Flowering plants first appeared some 140 million years ago, and by the ________ (100 million years ago), they had begun to dominate some terrestrial ecosystems.
Megasporangia
________ in gymnosperms are encircled by a single integument, but those in angiosperms are generally enclosed by two.
female gametophyte
A(n) ________ grows from a megaspore and produces one or more eggs inside each ovule (from the Latin ovulum, small egg)
Gymnosperms
________ produce "naked "seeds, which are frequently seen on cones.
destruction of habitat
The ________ threatens the extinction of many plant species as well as the animal species that rely on them.
megasporangium
The ________ is encased and protected by an integument layer of sporophyte tissue.
Gymnosperms
________ and angiosperms are the two monophyletic groupings of living seed plants.
Gymnosperms
________ first emerge in the fossil record of plants and dominated numerous Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems.
